Abstract
In the 1950s, case-control studies of smoking and lung cancer established a paradigm for epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. Since then, thousands of case-control studies have examined possible associations of countless risk factors with numerous diseases, rarely finding associations as strong or consistent as that of smoking with lung cancer. Recently, researchers have applied advances in molecular genetics to conduct candidate gene and genome-wide association studies of lung cancer. Skeptics among both epidemiologists and geneticists have argued that genomic research adds little value when most cases of disease can be attributed to a preventable exposure; however, well-conducted studies of gene-environment interactions that draw on data from more than 50 years of research in toxicology, pathophysiology, and behavioral science offer important models for the development of more comprehensive approaches to understanding the etiology of chronic diseases.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
