Abstract
Two novel types of nanocellulose-based catalyst, viz. nanofibrillated cellulose sulfuric acid (s-NFC) and nanobacterial cellulose sulfuric acid (s-BC), were prepared by a simple method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction anlaysis, and nitrogen adsorption measurements. The catalytic activity of these two bio-based solid acid catalysts was examined in a one-pot, four-component coupling reaction of barbituric acid, dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and (hetero)aromatic amines in refluxing ethanol. The results confirmed that s-BC promoted the speed of the mentioned reaction more than s-NFC. The recovery and reusability of the degradable nanostructures showed that they could be used in at least three runs without loss of activity.
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