Abstract
Environmental pollution problems and energy‐saving issues of urban tunnels have increasingly been attracting people’s attention. The paper aims at investigating a reasonable time factor for CO‐based emission factors in the ventilation design of urban road tunnels. The study results show that the prediction curve of CO‐based emission factor for passenger cars consists of two stages. The average reduction rates of Stage I (2004–2010) and Stage II (2010–2030) are 38% and 14% per year, respectively. The CO emission factor series of passenger cars conforms to exponential function distribution. The time factors of CO‐based emission backcalculated from the measured data range from 4.9% to 12.6%, which are 2.4–6.3 times the specified value in the Chinese ventilation specification but slightly smaller than predicted ones. Based on four aspects of predicted results, back analysis results, related references, and engineering applications, it is indicated that the time factor of CO‐based emission factor (2%) in the current ventilation specification is conservative. And when defining 2000 and 2010 as base years, respectively, 4% and 3% can be used as the time factors of CO‐based emission factors respectively for the ventilation design of urban tunnels. This study can provide a reference for ventilation design of urban tunnels in other regions.
Highlights
With the rapid growth of urban tunnels in the process of urbanization in China, the sustainable development of urban tunnels has attracted extensive attention of the society [1,2,3].e urban tunnel is like a chimney to collect automobile exhaust in the city, which seriously affects the living environment of the residents around the tunnel
Advances in Civil Engineering passenger cars and light-duty vehicles, mainly powered by gasoline engines, account for the majority of the total fleet in urban traffic, and diesel vehicles account for only about 10% of the total vehicle population [11, 12]. erefore, the present study mainly focuses on the emission factors for CO in urban tunnels
Based on the extensive investigations into CO emission factors for passenger cars, a representative set of CO emission factors for typical urban tunnels was selected as the original sequence. e CO emission factors for future years were projected by using the GM (1, 1) model, and through the attenuation analysis of CO emission factors, the annual reduction factors of CO-based emissions were determined approximately
Summary
With the rapid growth of urban tunnels in the process of urbanization in China, the sustainable development of urban tunnels has attracted extensive attention of the society [1,2,3].e urban tunnel is like a chimney to collect automobile exhaust in the city, which seriously affects the living environment of the residents around the tunnel. Due to the increasing attention to the urban tunnel pollution and the increasingly stringent standards for the environment inside and around tunnels, the economic burden of the society on tunnel ventilation cost is increasing year by year. Urban tunnel ventilation is a community of economy, society, and environment. Erefore, it is urgent and necessary to explore a sustainable development road suitable for urban tunnels. CO is recognized as the most harmful pollutant to the human body and is taken as health criteria to ensure the health of drivers and passengers by diluting the CO below the health threshold in urban tunnels [10]; NOx is easy to produce photochemical smog by chemical reaction, and the presence of particulate matters leads to reduced visibility inside the tunnel. Advances in Civil Engineering passenger cars and light-duty vehicles, mainly powered by gasoline engines, account for the majority of the total fleet in urban traffic, and diesel vehicles account for only about 10% of the total vehicle population [11, 12]. erefore, the present study mainly focuses on the emission factors for CO in urban tunnels
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