Investigation on the fast carbon dioxide sequestration speed of cement-based materials at 300 °C–700 °C

Increasing efficiency of carbon dioxide sequestration through high temperature carbonation of cement-based materials

Strategies to accelerate CO2 sequestration of cement-based materials and their application prospects

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has been proposed as a key component in technological portfolios for managing anthropogenic climate change, since it may provide a faster and cheaper route to significant reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentrations than abating CO2 production. However, CO2 sequestration is not a perfect substitute for CO2 abatement because CO2 may leak back into the atmosphere (thus imposing future climate change impacts) and because CO2 sequestration requires energy (thus producing more CO2 and depleting fossil fuel resources earlier). Here we use analytical and numerical models to assess the economic efficiency of CO2 sequestration and analyze the optimal timing and extent of CO2 sequestration. The economic efficiency factor of CO2 sequestration can be expressed as the ratio of the marginal net benefits of sequestering CO2 and avoiding CO2 emissions. We derive an analytical solution for this efficiency factor for a simplified case in which we account for CO2 leakage, discounting, the additional fossil fuel requirement of CO2 sequestration, and the growth rate of carbon taxes. In this analytical model, the economic efficiency of CO2 sequestration decreases as the CO2 tax growth rate, leakage rates and energy requirements for CO2 sequestration increase. Increasing discount rates increases the economic efficiency factor. In this simple model, short-term sequestration methods, such as afforestation, can even have negative economic efficiencies. We use a more realistic integrated-assessment model to additionally account for potentially important effects such as learning-by-doing and socio-economic inertia on optimal strategies. We measure the economic efficiency of CO2 sequestration by the ratio of the marginal costs of CO2 sequestration and CO2 abatement along optimal trajectories. We show that the positive impacts of investments in CO2 sequestration through the reduction of future marginal CO2 sequestration costs and the alleviation of future inertia constraints can initially exceed the marginal sequestration costs. As a result, the economic efficiencies of CO2 sequestration can exceed 100% and an optimal strategy will subsidize CO2 sequestration that is initially more expensive than CO2 abatement. The potential economic value of a feasible and acceptable CO2 sequestration technology is equivalent – in the adopted utilitarian model – to a one-time investment of several percent of present gross world product. It is optimal in the chosen economic framework to sequester substantial CO2 quantities into reservoirs with small or zero leakage, given published estimates of marginal costs and climate change impacts. The optimal CO2 trajectories in the case of sequestration from air can approach the pre-industrial level, constituting geoengineering. Our analysis is silent on important questions (e.g., the effects of model and parametric uncertainty, the potential learning about these uncertainties, or ethical dimension of such geoengineering strategies), which need to be addressed before our findings can be translated into policy-relevant recommendations.

Carbon dioxide sequestration in cement-based materials has emerged as a promising avenue for utilising captured carbon dioxide (CO2) and reducing the carbon dioxide footprint of the concrete industry. This article presents a comprehensive review of various studies conducted in this domain with a particular emphasis on factors affecting the carbon dioxide uptake potential of various concrete types and the effect of carbonation on the critical properties of concretes. Studies conducted on the micro-mechanical analysis of carbon sequestered concrete show that carbonation significantly improved the microhardness of the concrete samples, thereby increasing the strength and reducing the cement intake requirement. Further, keeping two parameters, namely water/solid (w/s) ratio and carbonation reaction time, in focus, the carbon dioxide uptake capacity in concrete slurry waste (CSW) was evaluated using non-linear regression analysis. It was observed that CSW paste had a maximum carbon dioxide uptake with an intermediate w/s ratio of 0.2 due to carbon dioxide reaction hindrances during diffusion at a higher w/s ratio and lack of hydration at a lower w/s ratio. On the contrary, for belite-rich cement, a higher w/s ratio led to higher carbon dioxide uptake owing to belite phase consumption leading to increased calcite production. Additionally, comparing the maximum carbon dioxide uptake capacity of CSW at a particular condition with various other cement-based materials, it was observed that belite-rich cement had the ability to sequester the maximum amount of carbon dioxide compared to the other cement-based materials considered in this study.

The study on the carbon dioxide sequestration by applying wooden structure on eco-technological and leisure facilities

Utilization of solid wastes to sequestrate carbon dioxide in cement-based materials and methods to improve carbonation degree: A review

The principal mechanisms for the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide in deep saline formations include geological structural trapping, hydrological entrapment of nonwetting fluids, aqueous phase dissolution and ionization, and geochemical sorption and mineralization. In sedimentary saline formations the dominant mechanisms are structural and dissolution trapping, with moderate to weak contributions from hydrological and geochemical trapping; where, hydrological trapping occurs during the imbibition of aqueous solution into pore spaces occupied by gaseous carbon dioxide, and geochemical trapping is controlled by generally slow reaction kinetics. In addition to being globally abundant and vast, deep basaltic lava formations offer mineralization kinetics that make geochemical trapping a dominate mechanism for trapping carbon dioxide in these formations. For several decades the United States Department of Energy has been investigating Columbia River basalt in the Pacific Northwest as part of its environmental programs and options for natural gas storage. Recently this nonpotable and extensively characterized basalt formation is being reconsidered as a potential reservoir for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. The reservoir has an estimated storage capacity of 100 giga tonnes of carbon dioxide and comprises layered basalt flows with sublayering that generally alternates between low permeability massive and high permeability breccia. Chemical analysis of themore » formation shows 10 wt% Fe, primarily in the +2 valence. The mineralization reaction that makes basalt formations attractive for carbon dioxide sequestration is that of calcium, magnesium, and iron silicates reacting with dissolved carbon dioxide, producing carbonate minerals and amorphous quartz. Preliminary estimates of the kinetics of the silicate-to-carbonate reactions have been determined experimentally and this research is continuing to determine effects of temperature, pressure, rock composition and mineral assemblages on the reaction rates. This study numerically investigates the injection, migration and sequestration of supercritical carbon dioxide in deep Columbia River basalt formations using the multifluid subsurface flow and reactive transport simulator STOMP-CO2 with its ECKEChem module. Simulations are executed on high resolution multiple stochastic realizations of the layered basalt systems and demonstrate the migration behavior through layered basalt formations and the mineralization of dissolved carbon dioxide. Reported results include images of the migration behavior, distribution of carbonate formation, quantities of injected and sequestered carbon dioxide, and percentages of the carbon dioxide sequestered by different mechanisms over time.« less

Effect of basic oxygen furnace slag type on carbon dioxide sequestration from landfill gas emissions

In 2002, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry began a 6-yr project on carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in coal seams entitled Japan CO2 Geosequestration in Coal Seams Project (JCOP), a component of the Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Effective Use Program. The goal of JCOP is to develop a series of processes that can (1) extract the CO2 discharged from thermal power plants and other large-scale emitters, (2) fix it in a stable state within coal seams, and in the process (3) recover methane (CH4) as a clean energy source. The project involves fundamental research into CO2 adsorption on coal, CO2 monitoring methods that ensure the safety of the sequestration process, and micropilot tests. From analyses of JCOP results obtained to date, several outcomes can be highlighted. (1) A total of 461 t of CO2 was injected at an average rate of 3.0 tons/day. (2) Carbon dioxide breakthrough has not yet been observed. (3) An enhanced coalbed methane effect was observed. (4) Coal-seam permeability changed dynamically because of coal-matrix swelling or shrinkage. (5) Nitrogen (N2) injection was effective in recovering the lost injectivity associated with coal swelling. (6) A history-matched model was constructed for the micropilot tests based on coal properties determined in situ or with laboratory measurements. (7) No signs of CO2 leakage have been observed so far.

Recently bio-concrete is one of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration process which has suitability to ensure the biggest problem on global warming can be solved and this technology also has been discussed widely by researches. The application of this technology could provide a new sustainable product of building material in several kinds of product. In bio-concrete its synonym with the various type of bacteria and the most famous is Bacillus species. Thus, the mechanism of self-healing of bacterial concrete occurs through the metabolic conversion of calcium lactate to calcium carbonate in crack sealing. Encouragement by this technology it brings in parallel the green technologies which potential to adsorb CO2 to reduction of emission CO2 that main contributor on global warming. Besides that, CO2 that fills the atmosphere through the natural conversion and capturing which is biological, chemical and physical processes. The potential bio-concrete to sequestrate CO2 use concept carbonic anhydrase (CA) through the carbonation process and bacterial species is highlighted. The main objective of this paper is to review on carbon dioxide sequestration in bio-concrete and self-healing.

12 - Carbon dioxide sequestration by alkali-activated materials

Effect of particle size and doses of olivine addition on carbon dioxide sequestration during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge at ambient and mesophilic temperatures

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration via Steelmaking Slag Carbonation in Alkali Solutions: Experimental Investigation and Process Evaluation

Carbon dioxide (CO ) sequestration in deep coal seams has been identified as one of the potential methods to reduce CO emission into the atmosphere. In this paper, a commercial coalbed methane reservoir simulator, COMET 3, was used to study the effects of seam conditions such as temperature and moisture content of the coal, and injection pressure and gas composition on CO sequestration in coal. A 500×500×20 m coal layer, which is lying 1000m below the ground surface, was simulated in the model. CO was injected from the bottom center of the coal layer for 10 years using a well of 0.1 m diameter. Four scenarios were simulated by changing the temperature and moisture content of the coal seam, and injection pressure and gas composition. The model results show that the amount of CO that can be injected into the coal seam decreases by around 75% when the temperature of the coal seam changes from 10 °C to 50 °C; decreases by 99% when the moisture content of the coal seam was changed from 0.1 (cm /cm ) to 0.5 (cm /cm ); and increases by around 40000% when the gas injection pressure increases from 10 to 20 MPa, and increases by 80% when the percentage of CH in the injection gas changes from 0% to 10%. © 2011 ASCE. 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 3

Mineralogical phases of steelmaking slags have significant influences on the carbonation of the slags. In this paper, the effects of temperature and reaction time on the conversion of calcium-related phases and the carbonation degree of a slag sample were studied. The experimental conditions were a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, a carbon dioxide flow rate of 1 L/min and a slag particle size of 38–75 μm. The results show that the optimum carbonation temperature and reaction time are 60 °C and 90 min, respectively, and calcite phase content is about 26.78% while the conversion rates of Ca3Al2O6, CaSiO3, Ca2SiO4 and free CaO are about 40%, 42.46%, 51% and 100%, respectively, and the carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency is about 170 g/kg slag.