Abstract
The former Koshien Hotel is an historic Japanese architectural structure, where two different tuffs called Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi were used to build the exterior. Despite its cultural significance, the building’s exterior is deteriorating in many ways, with water permeation being the main factor. In this study, the hygrothermal properties of both Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi were measured in order to examine the correlation between deterioration mechanisms and the tuff characteristics in detail. The basic physical properties, pore size distribution, vapor permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and sorption isotherm were measured. The results of a comparison of two tuffs led us to hypothesize that the main reason behind Nikkaseki’s deterioration is expansive freezing, while that of Tatsuyamaishi is caused by repeating dehydration or dry-wet cycles.
Highlights
The former Koshien Hotel, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, is an historic architectural structure built in 1930, designed by Arata Endo, a Japanese contemporary of Frank Lloyd Wright. At the former Koshien Hotel, two tuffs, Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi, were used for the building’s exterior, and they suffer from deterioration characterized by lump exfoliation and fine peeling off, respectively
We have examined the repair records, present state of damage, and the environmental conditions of the former Koshien Hotel using field surveys so far
Nikkaseki is exfoliating in a lump at the rooftop staircase, which is directly exposed to rain and has a larger sky view factor, leading to larger nocturnal radiant cooling, and rainwater remains on its surface for a few days after rainfall
Summary
The former Koshien Hotel, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, is an historic architectural structure built in 1930, designed by Arata Endo, a Japanese contemporary of Frank Lloyd Wright. At the former Koshien Hotel, two tuffs, Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi, were used for the building’s exterior, and they suffer from deterioration characterized by lump exfoliation and fine peeling off, respectively. Effective conservation methods have not been established, especially for tuff Since these material deteriorations do the most harm to the original stones, which are culturally valuable, our main goal is to clarify the mechanisms of Nikkaseki’s lump exfoliation and Tatsuyamaishi’s peeling off
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