Abstract
Surface modification of some metal coatings is usually used to improve the blood compatibility of biomaterials; however, some aspects of the bological properties of metal coatings cannot be adjusted via the content of each component. In this work, Cu/Ti metal coatings with various amounts of copper content were prepared by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, and the influence of deposition bias was further investigated. Phase structure, element composition and surface morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hemolysis ratio, platelet adhesion and protein adsorption were applied to evaluate the blood compatibility. The results show that a Cu/Ti coating of uniform quality can be obtained; the dispersion of the deposition and copper content is regulated by the number of copper sheets, but the deposition bias does not obviously affect the copper content of the Cu/Ti coating. The hemolysis rate of the Cu/Ti coating is less than 0.4%, the degree of platelet adhesion is significantly reduced on Cu/Ti coatings compared to control samples, and the contact angle of all coatings is greater than that of pure titanium. The largest adsorption capacity of BSA was found on the coating with the deposition bias voltage of −40 V. The number of copper flakes is increased, and the adsorption of FIB on the Cu/Ti coating surface is reduced. Therefore, Cu/Ti coatings prepared via this deposition method have potential for applications to regulate blood compatibility and surface performance.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of human mortality around the world
After the stent is implanted in the body, the surface of the stent material will interact with the physiological components; protein adsorption and activation, blood cell destruction and an intimal increase occur at the interface between the material and blood
The number of copper sheets increases, the (100) peak is gradually reduced (Figure 1b), and the center of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) broadening peak gradually shifts to the right, which may be due to the formation of some Cu/Ti phases containing Cu at the same time [25], and it gradually increases with the increase in the copper content in the film
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of human mortality around the world. The latest report shows that the death count caused by CVD is approximately half of all deaths [1]. After the stent is implanted in the body, the surface of the stent material will interact with the physiological components; protein adsorption and activation, blood cell destruction and an intimal increase occur at the interface between the material and blood. In order to improve the blood compatibility of the stent surface, some researchers have reported that surface modification of inorganic coatings of the stent surface can be employed to improve blood compatibility, such as a Ti-O coating [2–4], TiN coating [5,6], diamond-like carbon [7–12], etc. The blood compatibility has been improved via these inorganic coatings, the above coatings cannot be widely used in vascular stents because of their brittleness
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