Abstract
Algae biorefinery is gaining much attention for the sustainable production of value-added products (e.g., biofuels, protein supplements etc.) globally. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between lipid production and bacteria growth by an initial microalgae Chlorella vulgaris density culture in seafood wastewater effluent (SWE). According to our results, the initial C. vulgaris concentration in SWE influenced lipid accumulation. The concentration ranged from 25–35 mg·L−1 which corresponds to SWE’s chemical oxygen demand concentration of 365.67 ± 3.45 mg·L−1. A higher microalgae growth rate and lipid content of 32.15 ± 1.45% was successfully attained. A higher lipid content, approximately double, was observed when compared to the control (16.8 ± 0.5%). Moreover, this study demonstrates that bacteria inhibited microalgae growth as the initial cell density stepped over 35 mg·L−1, which also affected lipid accumulation. This study shows an optimal lipid accumulation attained at moderate Chlorella vulgaris density culture in SWE. Hence, wastewater treatment incorporating microalgae culture could be greatly developed in the future to achieve a greener environment.
Highlights
Lipid production is a key factor for the evaluation of microalgae culture causing ecological developments
The microalgae growth was evaluated according to our previously performed works as cells inoculum in seafood wastewater [19,20]
This study approached a different appraisement of microalgae growth
Summary
Lipid production is a key factor for the evaluation of microalgae culture causing ecological developments. The microalgae culture has several major aims: (i) enhancing the lipid accumulation for biofuel production, and (ii) using innovative techniques in order to reduce the cost of biomass production. With significant innovations in algae harvesting by the application of algae inoculation for the purposes of wastewater treatment and biomass production, the barrier in algae lipid accumulation might be critically concerned in the cultivation. Several studies have reported various alternative techniques of microalgae culture for enhancing lipid accumulation and an extraction method to achieve the efficient lipid content [2,3]. The lipid accumulation is affected by nitrogen starvation in freshwater and/or seawater medium, the cell stress due to light illumination [4,5], pH and temperature [6,7,8] as well as nutrient compound [9]
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