Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and quantify the damping properties of common resin-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials (CRMs) and assess their energy dissipation abilities. Leeb hardness (HLD), together with its deduced energy dissipation data (HLDdis), and loss tangent values recorded via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were determined for six polymer, four composite, and one ceramic CRM as well as one metal. Data were statistically analyzed. Among resin-based CRMs, the significantly highest HLDdis data were detected for the fiber-reinforced composite FD (p < 0.001) directly followed by the filler-reinforced Ambarino High Class (p < 0.001). The significantly lowest HLDdis values were observed for the polymer-based CRM Telio CAD (p < 0.001). For loss tangent, both PEEK materials showed the significantly lowest data and the polymer-based M-PM the highest results with all composite CRMs in between. HLDdis data, which simultaneously record the energy dissipation mechanism of plastic material deformation, more precisely characterize the damping behavior of resin-based CRMs compared to loss tangent results that merely describe viscoelastic material behavior. Depending on material composition, resin-based CRMs reveal extremely different ratios of viscoelastic damping but frequently show enhanced HLDdis values because of plastic material deformation. Future developments in CAD/CAM restorative technology should focus on developing improved viscoelastic damping effects.
Highlights
Natural bio-composites achieve impressively strong and tough material structures [1]that can repeatedly withstand impact load via damping effects [2]
Plastic material deformation is considered to represent an effective element of material damping [6], it has several drawbacks because on the macroscopic scale this effect is not reversible, ruins material dimensions, and cannot be repeatedly activated without any impairments
DMG-P were classified as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymers following a previous suggestio knowing that these CRM contain low ratios of filler particles (Table 1)
Summary
Natural bio-composites achieve impressively strong and tough material structures [1]that can repeatedly withstand impact load via damping effects [2]. Producing biomimetic composites with such properties requires the invention of artificial structures that allow viscoelastic material deformation [3] and self-healing effects [4] as much, as early, and as effectively as possible. That is because this type of energy dissipation appears to best preserve structures from destructive effects [5], as it may be repeatedly activated during a material’s lifetime. Plastic material deformation is considered to represent an effective element of material damping [6], it has several drawbacks because on the macroscopic scale this effect is not reversible, ruins material dimensions, and cannot be repeatedly activated without any impairments. Biomimetic restorative materials [7] must be carefully selected to achieve stable and long-lasting results in hard tissue replacement of medical applications where surgical implants are used
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