Abstract
Objective: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex disease caused by multifaceted interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which makes identification of the most likely disease candidate proteins and their associated risk markers a big challenge. Atherosclerosis is presented by a broad spectrum of heart diseases, including stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is the progressive stage of SCAD. As such, the correct and prompt diagnosis of atherosclerosis turns into imperative for precise and prompt disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Methods: The current work aims to look for specific protein markers for differential diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis. Thirty male patients between 45 and 55 years diagnosed with atherosclerosis were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectrometry. The study excluded those who were additionally diagnosed with hypertension and type 1 and 2 diabetes. The Mufuzz analysis was applied to select target proteins for precise and prompt diagnosis of atherosclerosis, most of which were most related to high lipid metabolism. The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to verify the selected target proteins. Finally, The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated by a random forest experiment.Results: One thousand one hundred and forty seven proteins were identified in the TMT mass spectrometry, 907 of which were quantifiable. In the PRM study, six proteins related to lipid metabolism pathway were selected for verification and they were ALB, SHBG, APOC2, APOC3, APOC4, SAA4.Conclusion: Through the detected specific changes in these six proteins, our results provide accuracy in atherosclerosis patients' diagnosis, especially in cases with varying types of the disease.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is presented by a broad spectrum of heart diseases, including stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is the progressive stage of SCAD
In the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) study, six proteins related to lipid metabolism pathway were selected for verification and they were ALB, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), APOC2, APOC3, APOC4, SAA4
The coronary heart disease (CHD) is presented by a broad spectrum of heart diseases, including stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is the progressive stage of SCAD [1]
Summary
The coronary heart disease (CHD) is presented by a broad spectrum of heart diseases, including stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is the progressive stage of SCAD [1]. Atherosclerosis by itself is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that leads to the calcification of the lesions in the intima layer. Atherosclerosis is progressive with three types of specific changes that appear successively: lipid spots and stripes, atherosclerotic and thin-cap fibroatheroma, followed by complex alterations in the arteries [7, 8]. Type V is characterized by the formation of thin-cap fibroatheroma It is the most characteristic lesion of atherosclerosis with white plaques protruding into the arterial lumen and causing stenosis of the lumen. The intima of the plaque surface is destroyed and the lipid pool is enclosed by proliferating fibrous cap. Type VI is referred to as a complex type of atherosclerosis lesions, namely, severe lesions It is characterized by fibrous plaque bleeding, necrosis, ulceration, calcification and mural thrombosis formation. There is no treatment for the prevention or treatment of calcification in cardiovascular diseases, indicating the need for extensive study in this area [13, 14]
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