Abstract
Solidification properties and microstructure of six as-cast Sn–Bi–Zn alloys with 80 at.% of Sn and variable contents of Bi and Zn were experimentally investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimentally obtained results were compared with predicted phase equilibria according to the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method and by the Scheil solidification simulation.
Highlights
The eutectic samples include (Sn)–Zn lead-free solder has been recognized as a possible replacement of Sn–Pb due to consideration the environmental concerns and the alpha radiation of impurities of Pb [1,2,3,4]
It was determined that the microstructures of all six investigated alloys consist of Sn matrix, (Zn) solid solution and (Bi) solid solution phases in the form of fine dispersed particles in the Sn matrix
Solidus temperatures and temperatures of invariant reactions were taken from the extrapolated peak onset, and liquidus temperatures were taken from the peak maximum on heating [11]
Summary
The eutectic Sn–Zn lead-free solder has been recognized as a possible replacement of Sn–Pb due to consideration the environmental concerns and the alpha radiation of impurities of Pb [1,2,3,4]. Sn–9Zn eutectic alloy has melting temperature (198 °C) close to that of Sn–Pb eutectic alloy (183 °C), and offers better mechanical properties than the conventional Sn–Pb solders. The addition of Bi to the Sn–Zn eutectic alloy imparts the superior soldering properties, such as high joining strength, good wettability, and low melting temperature in electronic packaging. The aim of this work is experimental investigation of solidification behavior of the as-cast Sn-rich ternary Sn–Bi–Zn alloys. For this purpose, six ternary alloys with the constant content of tin (80 at.%) were prepared from pure metals and investigated using the SEM-EDS and DSC techniques. The experimentally obtained results were compared with the results of thermodynamic calculation according to the CALPHAD approach
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