Abstract
Among the problems of mechanized harvesting of sugar beet, the most important is the cutting of the bud from the heads of root crops that are in the soil. Based on the analysis of numerous design developments and research, a two-phase method of performing this technological operation is promising at this time. Thus as a result of performance of the first phase the continuous copyless cut of all green massif of a top, its collecting and transportation is carried out and the following phase - clearing of heads of root crops of the remains of a top or additional pruning of heads. The effectiveness of this method of harvesting hyphae is obvious, because the cut green mass of sugar beet hyphae can be used as animal feed or to produce biogas. A rotary cutting device with a horizontal drive shaft can be used as a cutting device. The collection of the hitch from the entire width of the coverage of the hitch-harvesting machine can be effectively carried out by means of an auger conveyor, and the loading of the cut hitch into the vehicle - by means of a loading device of the throwing type. In the course of the research a new three-row hook-harvesting machine was developed, which implements the above principles of work. The hitch harvester is aggregated by frontal attachment to a wheeled tractor of traction class 1.4, equipped with a front PTO shaft. We conducted field experimental studies to determine the performance of this hitchhiking machine. For this purpose, a program and methodology for conducting such experimental studies were developed, the results of which were processed by statistical methods on a PC using the basic methods of regression and correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis of the obtained values it was found that the rational values of the speed of the hitch harvester are 1.5… 2.0 m ∙ s – 1 at the height of the cut of the hitch, which is equal to 0.02 m and the rotor speed of 1000 rpm-1. The operational indicators are obtained: productivity when aggregating with a wheeled tractor of class 1.4 - 2.15 ha • year – 1; specific fuel consumption - 3.02 kg • ha – 1; specific investments - UAH 291.33 • ha – 1; reduced operating costs - UAH 441.18 • ha – 1. The obtained results of researches of operational indicators of the developed three-row hook-harvesting machine turned out to be 1.5… 1.8 times better in comparison with serial hook-harvesting machines.
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