Abstract
Laurus nobilis L. is an evergreen dioecious, rarely monecious plant up to 15 m high. Its natural area includes Mediterranean countries. For a long time this plant has been actively cultivated as a decorative plant in (Europe, Russia, USA and others) as well as in Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Mexico and Russia. Chemical composition of the Laurus leaves include essential oil components, sesquiterpenic lactones and phenolic compounds as the principal active groups of compounds. The aim of the study was the identification of phenolic compounds in water and water alcohol extracts from leaves of Laurus nobilis. Materials and methods. Examinations of qualitative composition of phenolic complex in extracts from Laurus samples under study were carried out using «Hitachi Chromaster» high-performance liquid chromatographer with «Column Oven 5310», «Pump 5110» and «UV-detector 5410». Results and discussion . The samples of Laurus nobilis leaves gathered in outskirts of Alushta (Republic of Crimea) in July 2016 were the objects if the study. We identified caffeic, gallic, and chicoric acids, epigallocatechin gallate, luteolin-7-glycoside in the extracts obtained using ethanol 70%. And caffeic, gallic, isoferulic acids, dicoumarin, epicatechin, kaempferol, and isoquercitrin in ethanol 40% extracts. In water extracts we found the presence of ascorbic, gallic, and vanillic acids, epicatechin, quercetin-3-glycoside and kaempferol-3-galactoside. Conclusion . As the result of the Laurus nobilis leaves samples study, gathered in Alushta outskirts, ascorbic acid and 13 phenolic compounds were identified in water and water-alcohol (40% and 70%) extracts using high performance liquid chromatography. Isoferulic and chicoric acids, epigallocatechin gallate, dicoumarin, kaempferol, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-galactoside and luteolin-7-glycoside were identified in Laurus nobilis leaves for the first time.
Highlights
Laurus nobilis leaves are used as raw materials for seasonings, and flavors by peoples of Mediterranean and other countries [1]
Gallic, and chicoric acids, epigallocatechin gallate, luteolin-7-glycoside in the extracts obtained using ethanol 70%
In water extracts we found the presence of ascorbic, gallic, and vanillic acids, epicatechin, quercetin-3-glycoside and kaempferol-3-galactoside
Summary
Laurus nobilis leaves are used as raw materials for seasonings, and flavors by peoples of Mediterranean and other countries [1]. They are used in a folk medicine of different countries to reduce a high level of blood glycosis, to treat fungus and bacterial diseases; biologically active substances of leaves has anti-inflammatory, soothing, and anti-epileptic properties [2, 3]. В предыдущих фитохимических исследованиях в листьях, побегах, плодах и корнях лавра были обнаружены разные группы химических соединений, однако эти сведения недостаточно полные. Эфирное масло в наибольшем количестве накапливается в листьях лавра и может достигать до 2% и более в пересчете на воздушно-сухое сырье [5, 6]. Плоды содержат жирное [8] и эфирное масло, именно эта смесь была известна ранее под названием «масло лавра» и содержала в качестве одного из компонентов лауростеарин – эфир лауриновой кислоты
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