Investigation of interleukines-4, 6 and malondialdehyde levels in serum of Iraqi patients with chronic kidney diseases.

Perceived knowledge among patients cared for by nephrologists about chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease therapies

Nutrition interventions to address cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease

KDOQI US Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in CKD

Non-traditional risk factors predict coronary calcification in chronic kidney disease in a population-based cohort

This study examined the mental health status and lifestyle of chronic kidney disease patients in comparison to a health control group. It also evaluated lifestyle factors as potential risk factors for kidney disease. The case-control comparative study included chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients aged ≥18 years and a healthy control group. The primary outcomes were lifestyle profile, health-related quality of life, psychiatric morbidity, and somatic symptoms experiences. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and the risk of CKD were investigated using logistic regression, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Independent t-tests were used to compare kidney patients with the healthy control group. The CKD group scored lower in most aspects of lifestyle and health-related quality of life than the healthy control group. Additionally, CKD patients exhibited poorer mental health status than the healthy control group. Factors associated with chronic kidney disease risk include female gender, history of disease, and being retired. A health-promoting lifestyle among chronic kidney disease patients had a direct relationship with high health-related quality of life. Furthermore, a health-promoting lifestyle was negatively associated with mental health disorders and somatic symptoms experiences. Compared to the healthy control group, CKD patients in this study reported more pain, physical complaints, and depression. A healthy lifestyle can be effective in the prevention and treatment of many physical and mental health problems. Compared to other treatments used for mental disorders, such as drug therapy or psychological therapy, lifestyle interventions can have long-lasting effects and tend to be more cost-effective for individuals.

Clostridioides difficile Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease/End-Stage Renal Disease.

Phytate and Kidney Health: The Roles of Dietary Phytate in Inhibiting Intestinal Phosphorus Absorption and Intravenous Phytate in Decreasing Soft Tissue Calcification

Objectives To analyze the relation of serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and Klotho and their relation to the deterioration of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods 90 patients with CKD1 to CKD5 stages (CKD group) and 30 non-CKD patients (control group) were enrolled. Patients in CKD group were divided into deterioration of renal function group and stability of renal function group based on the annual decline rate of eGFR. The serum levels of FGF-23 and Klotho among all groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation of FGF-23 and Klotho and aggravation of renal function were analyzed. Results The level of FGF-23 in CKD group was significantly higher, while the level of Klotho was lower than that of control group. The characteristic changes in FGF-23 and Klotho were also detected as renal function progresses. The similar results were observed between groups of renal function deterioration and renal function stability. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum FGF-23 in CKD patients was negatively correlated with Klotho. Conclusions FGF-23 levels in CKD patients would increase and Klotho levels would decrease when kidney function deteriorates. Serum FGF-23 and Klotho may be related to kidney dysfunction and can be used to predict CKD progression and poor prognosis in CKD patients. Key words: Kidney Diseases; Chronic Disease

Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in chronic kidney disease patients with cancer

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue that is linked to early death and low quality of life. Management in its early phases may lead to better health results. Chronic inflammation related to advanced CKD, as indicated by higher levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines or impacted levels of acute-phase proteins. This study was carried out in order to assess the roles of interleukins (IL-3 and IL-22), some kidney functions, complete blood count (CBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in CKD progression. Commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were utilized to calculate interleukin (IL-3 and IL-22) levels in the serum of 60 patients with CKD (age range 20-87 years) and 30 age-matched healthy group. The levels of ESR, CBC, creatinine, urea, uric acid and albumin were also measured. The results showed a significant rise in IL-3 and IL-22 in CKD patients in comparison to healthy controls. CKD Patients were exposed to high levels of some CBC parameters and ESR and there was a significant difference in contrast to group of healthy control. There was a significant rise in creatinine and urea levels in CKD patients compared to healthy controls. The level of albumin was reduced in patients diagnosed with CKD and there was a significant difference between CKD patients and healthy controls. However, the level of uric acid increased in patients diagnosed with CKD but there was no significant difference between patients diagnosed with CKD and healthy group. There is a possible role of interleukins IL-3 and IL-22 in the usage of them as biomarkers for the progression of CKD.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem, with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular disease and premature death, can be divided into five stages, depending on how severe the damage is to the kidneys, or the level of decrease in kidney function, the final stage of chronic kidney disease is called end-stage renal disease, salivary immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium . It is also found in small amounts in blood.This study aimedto measuresalivary flow rate and salivaryimmunoglobulin Alevels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study; 45 Patients undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; 45 health control subjects. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A were measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa). Results:The present studyrevealed that the mean value of salivary flow rate in chronic kidney disease patients was (0.34 ± 0.19) ml/min, while for healthy control subjects was (1.02 ± 0.39) ml/min, there wasstatisticallysignificantly decrease in salivary flow rate ofchronic kidney disease on hemodialysis patients as compared to control healthy subjects.The present study revealed that the (Mean±SD) of the immunoglobulin A in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (388.81±227.86) µg./ml, while in control group (273.98±155.89) µg./ml, the result revealed statistically significant increase in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis as compared to control subjects. Conclusions: Salivary immunoglobulin (IgA) reflects the functional capacity of the glands. Increased concentration of this component is usually marker of a poor general condition.

Chronic kidney disease significantly affects human health by loss of excretory kidney function. MicroRNAs have potential predictive and therapeutic significance for chronic kidney disease and fibrosis-related kidney diseases. This study aimed to investigate expression profiling and clinical significance of microRNA-204 (miR-204) expression in patients with chronic kidney disease. A total of 126 patients with chronic kidney disease and age-matched 126 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from participants and expression levels of miR-204 were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of inflammatory cytokines in glomerular cells was measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Inflammatory cytokines in serum were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all participants. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was used to analyze the association between serum level of miR-204 and inflammation, renal fibrosis, and degree of chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease patients had higher inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17 than healthy volunteers. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-17) were upregulated in patients with chronic kidney disease compared to healthy volunteers. Serum level of miR-204 was lower in chronic kidney disease patients than healthy patients. Expression of miR-204 was higher in healthy volunteers than patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, expression of miR-204 was lower in glomerular cells in chronic kidney disease patients than those in the healthy volunteers. Furthermore, higher serum level of miR-204 was associated with better renal function in chronic kidney disease patients than patients who had lower serum level of miR-204. High serum levels of miR-204 were associated with degree of renal fibrosis and injury of chronic kidney disease patients. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis identified expression of miR-204 was positively correlated with inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Outcomes indicate that serum levels of miR-204 are downregulated in serum in patients with chronic kidney disease. Data suggest that serum levels of miR-204 can be used to evaluate the renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Management of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases.

Objectives: Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the role of MTHFR gene (rs1801133 and rs1801131) polymorphisms and investigate the serum Homocysteine level in Iraqi patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from fifty CKD patients and fifty healthy control group aged (20 –65) years who attended Lmamain Al Kadhemain Medical Teaching Hospital and Al-Numan Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The genotyping study of the MTHFR gene at rs1801133 and rs1801131 was determined using HRM-PCR, and the serum level of Homocysteine was measured using ELISA kits. Results: Serum Hcy concentration was significantly (p˂0.01) increased in CKD patients compared to apparently healthy individuals (2.918Umol/L versus 1.621 Umol/L respectively). The frequencies and genotypes of alleles for the MTHFR gene at rs1801133 SNP in CKD patients versus healthy subjects revealed that the TT genotype percentage was in CKD patients significantly higher than in control groups (30% versus 14%, respectively). At the same time, the CT genotype was a considerably more significant percentage in CKD patients than in control groups (46% versus 16%, respectively). The frequency of the T allele was 53% and 22% for CKD patients and healthy individuals, respectively. In contrast, C allele frequency values were 47% and 78% for CKD patients and control groups, respectively. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles for the MTHFR gene at rs1801131 SNP showed that the percentage of CC genotype was in CKD patients significantly higher than that of control groups, 46% versus 12%, respectively, while C allele frequency values were 55% and 19% for CKD patients and control groups. Also, allele frequency values were 45% and 81% for CKD patients and healthy individuals, respectively. In this study, four haplotypes (AC, AT, CT, CC), certain variations in the MTHFR gene, specifically the CT haplotype formed by rs1801133 and rs1801131, have been related to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Conversely, the AC and AT haplotypes may have a protective effect against CKD, with the AC haplotype showing significant protection (OR, 0.45, 95% CI 0.06–0.5, p=0.0009). Conclusions: It was concluded from the current study that variants of the MTHFR gene have a role in the pathogenesis of CKD.

Hemodialysis reduces inhibitory effect of plasma ultrafiltrate on LDL oxidation and subsequent endothelial reactions