Abstract
An investigation of intrinsic defects in lithium niobate, using High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) was carried out. It was found that crystals, around and at congruent composition, have a large number of clustered defects about 1 nm in diameter. Models of planar and spatially correlated defects were developed and used for the simulation of HREM images, along with other existing models of non-stoichiometric defects. It was found that neither randomly distributed antisite defects, compensated by lithium or niobium vacancies, nor clustered lithium and oxygen vacancies could produce the contrast variation observed in the images. A new model of small Nb 2O 5 clusters is also suggested as a possible candidate for the defects responsible for the non-stoichiometry of the crystals.
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