Investigation of Code-Switching Used by Young-Famous Indonesian YouTubers in Travel Content Videos

Language is foremost a means of communication used by people to convey their ideas and feelings to others when they talk directly or indirectly. Current phenomenon is common in society the code switching used by individuals who live in a bilingual or multilingual community in which the code switching can occur. The researcher chooses one of Malinau students in Lamongan. Her name is "Siti Bakhiatus Sholikhah" Faculty of Fisheries, Lamongan Islamic University, on eighth semester.The purpose of this study is to find out the types of code switching and find out the functions of code switching used by Malinau Student in Lamongan. This study examines the types of code switching that occurred during the conversations used by Malinau Students in Lamongan. The research design of this study is using qualitative descriptive method. The collection technique of the data is from of recording and chatting in social media : like a WhatsApp and Facebook from “Lika’s” talks. The data analysis techniques used found that are preparing, reading and undesrtanding, coding and classifying, interpreting and drawing te conclusion. From this data found the types and functions of code switching are analyzed by using the theory of Poplack’s and Apple and Muysken. From the results of analysis, three types of code switching (tag switching, inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential switching) and four functions of code switching are (referential function of code switching, directive function of code switching, expressive function of code switching and metalinguistic function of code switching). Keywords: Code switching, Malinau students

This study investigated the acts of code switching by lecturers and student in thesis defence examination at a university in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The study involved five participants (four lectures and one student) of the English Language Department. Data from recordings were used to analyse the types and functions of code switching that occurred during the defence. The types of code switching were analysed based on Poplack, and the functions of code switching were analysed based on the theories by Gumperz, Hoffman and Holmes. The result showed that there were three types of code switching found in 109 examples during the interactions between the lecturers and the student, they were: intra-sentential switching (77.06%), inter-sentential switching (15.59%), and tag switching (7.33%). In term of the functions of code switching, 10 functions were identified from 68 switches, they were: addressee specification at 22.05%, followed by interjections (16.17%), loanwords (16.17%), message qualifications (11.76%), transfer of the subconscious markers (8.82%), proper names (8.82%), quotations (5.88%), message reiteration (4.41%), personalization versus objectification (2.94%) and specific features of Islamic terms (2.94%) as the least. It can be concluded that in this case, code switching allowed the participants achieve a wide range of important and interesting ends in their discourse during the thesis defence examination.

This study has two purposes, those are (1) to find out the types of code-switching used in conversation between Daniel Mananta and Raline Shah in “Daniel Tetangga Kamu” video YouTube channel and 2) to identify the functions of code-switching used in conversation between Daniel Mananta and Raline Shah’s utterances. A qualitative method is used for this study for analyzing the data collected from five videos. The method is applied to give a clear description of the data according to the theory proposed by Poplack (1980) as cited in Romaine (1989: 122) about the three types of code switching. The result of this analysis showed that there was three types of code switching found in this conversation are; Tag switching, intra-sentential switching and inter-sentential switching. Type of code-switching which is intra-sentential switching is the most often used in conversation between Daniel Mananta and Raline Shah utterances because they was more comfortable when using words, clauses, and phrases in one sentence to convey motivational messages. And the theory proposed by Appel and Muysken (1987) about the six functions of code switching. In this analysis showed that there was six function of code switching are; referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic and poetic. Metalinguistic is the dominant function of code-switching in conversation between Daniel Mananta and Raline Shah’s utterances. It occurs because Daniel Mananta and Raline shah wanted to impress the other participants with a show of linguistic skill.

This study concerns with code-switching in Daniel Mananta’s utterance. This study aims to answer the research problems, which are: (1) to classify the types of code switching found in Daniel Mananta’s utterance and (2) and to analyze the function of code switching. Descriptive qualitative method was applied to identify the data. Code-switching was described according to a theory proposed by Poplack (1980) to classify the types of code-switching and the theory by Apple& Muysken (1987) to describe the function of code switching found in Daniel Mananta’s utterance. The result of this study shows that all types of code switching and six function of code-switching were found. First, the three types of code-switching were found, namely tag switching, intra-sentential switching, and inter-sentential switching, in which the most dominant switching is intra-sentential switching. It occurs because Daniel Mananta looks more comfortable when using words, clauses, and phrases in one sentence to convey motivational messages. Second, six functions of code-switching were found, namely referential function, directive function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, poetic function. The most dominant function is phatic function because Daniel Mananta’s feels free and more comfortable expressing his emotional feelings in a language that is used in his daily language.

Types of Indonesian-English code-switching employed in a novel

Despite several researches have been conducted to investigate the issue of code-switching and code mixing, the findings of this research are significant as they can assist both students and teachers to consider the use of code-switching and code mixing in classroom interaction, specifically in Indonesia. The aim of this research 1) to classify the type of code mixing and code switching that used by student in classroom interaction, 2) to interpret the function of code mixing and code switching that used by student in classroom interaction. This research employed descriptive qualitative method. Data collection instruments were the observation and interview. The data of type of code mixing were analyzed based on Hoffman’s theory, namely intra-sentential code mixing, intralexical code mixing and involving a change of pronunciation. The data of type of code switching were analyzed based on Poplack’s theory, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching and tag switching. The most common used is inter-sentential switching and intra sential switching. The functions of code mixing and code switching were analyzed by Marsigan’s theory, namely, quotation, addressee specification, repetition, interjection, message qualification, personalization and objectivization, and facility of expression. The most usually function is facility of expression.

NI KETUT FEBRIYANTI. An Analysis of Code Switching used in ‘The Architecture of Love’ novel written by Ika Natassa. S1 Thesis. Mataram: Bumigora University, 2019This research aims to analyze Code-Switching in The Architecture of Love novel written by Ika Natassa. The researcher obtained the data from chapter to chapter in the novel that consists of 22 chapters. This research used the descriptive qualitative method, technique of data analysis uses 1) Reading the novel, 2) Transcribing the code-switching utterances, 3) classifying which of the data consists of code switching’s type and function, 4) Drawing the conclusion. The finding showed that there were 203 data of code-switching in the novel that consist of three types of code-switching. The highest frequent was Intra-sentential switching with 90 data found, the second one is Inter-sentential switching with 83 data and the lowest is Tag-sentential switching with 30 data, and about the function of code-switching, the highest frequent was Message Qualification with 9 data and also Interjection with 8 data. The Addressee Specification has 4 data, Quotation has 2 data and the lowest frequent are Reiteration and Personalization vs. Objectivization with 1 datum.

This research was conducted to find out and analyse the types and also the function of code switching done by the facilitators of <em>Kampus Mengajar Mandiri Program</em> in teaching English, which can give insight about how language switch can occur in the teaching process, especially in teaching English. Qualitative method is applied in order to identify and classify the data based on the theory proposed by Poplack in Romaine (1995) in categorizing the types of code switching while, in analysing the function of code-switching this study applied the theory proposed by Gumperz (1982). The research scope is limited to find out the types and function of code switching done by facilitators when teaching English at SD N 1 Jatiluwih. The data were taken by applying observation method thorough recording, listening, and note taking the utterances spoken by two facilitators during teaching process. The findings reveal 213 utterances are categorized as code switching. The result shows that all types of code-switching found, namely; tag-switching, intra-sentential switching and inter-sentential-switching. From six functions this study only found five functions, such as; interjection, addressee specification, reiteration, message qualification and personalization versus objectification. The function of code-switching that didn’t occur is quotation. This study's findings indicate that intra-sentential switching is the types of code switching that is most frequently used, with total 146 utterances (68%) and Interjection is the most dominant function of code switching that done with total 78 utterances (32.5%).

This study tries to identify the types and functions of English and Bahasa Indonesia code switching used by Nessie Judge in her YouTube videos. This research also reveals her identify as a bilingual YouTuber, as well as her capacity to communicate in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. The research methodology used in this study was a descriptive qualitative approach. The researcher selected five videos from the #Nerror YouTube video area and their transcriptions as data sources. To obtain data, the researcher watched the videos several times and took notes on the code-switching instances. The transcriptions were then saved in an Excel sheet document for easier analysis. Data analysis involved interpreting the transcribed data. The results present that types of code switching are tag switching, intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, and additional type. Speech representation, situation switch, insistence, giving an emphasis, clarification, person specification, question shift, discourse maker, and others are the functions of code switching. Nessie Judge’s proficiency in English and Bahasa Indonesia is demonstrated by her vocabulary. She needs her bilingual (or multilingual) ability to work as an Indonesian YouTuber. Due to the variety of people, she uses two languages as her market.

Code switching is a common phenomenon in language use. When people have the ability to speak more than one language, they will combine the language and often switch the language. This study aims to find out the types of code switching found in Naura Ayu utterances in TS Media Podcasts and analyze the code switching functions found in Naura Ayu utterances in TS Media Podcasts. The data were taken from TS Media YouTube Podcast with Naura Ayu. Naura Ayu is one of famous singers in Indonesia and in her podcast she usually switches the code. This study used only one video among two videos. The data were collected from one video. The title of the video is TS Media Podcast with Naura Ayu Part 1 with the duration 28.34 minutes. The method used in analysing the data was qualitative method by applying several techniques, such as; watching, listening, finding the utterances with code switching, and taking notes. All of code switching types proposed by Poplack (1980) found in this study, those are inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching and tag switching.This study also found four functions of code switching among six functions proposed by Appel and Muysken (1987).Those functions are referential function, metalinguistic function, expressive function and directive function. The type of code switching that was dominant found in Naura Ayu utterances was intra-sentential switching, besides the dominant function of code switching found was referential function.
 
 Keywords: code switching, types, function, and podcast
 
 Alih kode merupakan fenomena umum dalam penggunaan bahasa. Ketika orang memiliki kemampuan untuk berbicara lebih dari satu bahasa, mereka akan menggabungkan bahasa dan sering beralih bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis alih kode yang terdapat pada tuturan Naura Ayu dalam Podcast TS Media dan menganalisis fungsi alih kode yang terdapat pada tuturan Naura Ayu dalam Podcast TS Media. Data diambil dari TS Media YouTube Podcast bersama Naura Ayu. Naura Ayu adalah salah satu penyanyi terkenal di Indonesia dan dalam podcastnya dia biasanya mengganti kode. Penelitian ini hanya menggunakan satu video di antara dua video. Data dikumpulkan dari satu video. Judul videonya adalah TS Media Podcast dengan Naura Ayu Part 1 berdurasi 28.34 menit. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data adalah metode kualitatif dengan menerapkan beberapa teknik, seperti; mengamati, mendengarkan, menemukan ujaran dengan alih kode, dan mencatat. Semua jenis alih kode yang dikemukakan oleh Poplack (1980) ditemukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu alih inter-sentential, alih intra-sentential, dan alih tag. Penelitian ini juga menemukan empat fungsi alih kode di antara enam fungsi yang dikemukakan oleh Appel dan Muysken (1987). Fungsi-fungsi tersebut adalah fungsi referensial, fungsi metalinguistik, fungsi ekspresif, dan fungsi direktif. Jenis alih kode yang dominan ditemukan pada tuturan Naura Ayu adalah alih kode intra-sentential, selain itu fungsi alih kode yang dominan ditemukan adalah fungsi referensial.
 Kata kunci: alih kode, tipe, fungsi, dan podcast

This study aims at determining the types, functions, and frequency of formal code-switching use in EFL Speaking course classrooms by second-year students of English Language Education Study Program students at Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. The researcher used Hoffman's theory to find the types of code-switching and Gumperz's theory to find the functions of code-switching. This research was done through the descriptive mix method, using observation, documentation, and recording to collect data. This research result showed five types of code-switching used by second year students, particularly in formal interaction setting speaking class. The use of those five types of code-switching has shown different percentages. 21% Intra-sentential switching has been used, 32% inter-sentential switching has been used. Moreover, 5% establish continuity with the previous speaker has been used. 37% emblematic switching was used, and a change in pronunciation features was only 5%. Furthermore, based on the data findings, the researchers found that students frequently used emblematic switching in formal interaction when speaking.

This research was directed to analyze (1) the types of code switching used in classroom during the English course (2) the reasons why teachers and students at SMA Negeri 1 DELI TUA using code switching in class and (3) the effect of code switching. The researcher adopted descriptive- qualitative method since the data dealt with words instead of numbers and applied Hoffman theory to analyze the problems. Technique for collecting data used by researcher was triangulations, those are observation, questionnaires, and interview. Intra sentential switching, Establishing continuity with previous speaker , and Emblematic got 22,22%, and each Inter sentential switching, Intra lexical and Involving a Change of Pronunciation are 11,11% percentages. There are several code switching occurred on the class and researcher placed based on the functions and they are 57,14% of Repetitive function, 28,57% of Interjection and the last is 14,28% for Quoting somebody else is found during the observation.

This research is to describe code switching that teacher used in teaching process. The researcher wants to analysis the type and the function of using code switching by teacher because English is not compulsory subject in elementary school and English is still unfamiliar for Indonesian students. The subject was English teacher who teaches in seventh grade at SMPN 1 Parungponteng, Tasikmalaya. Based on the research, the teacher practiced code switching in order to help the students in delivering materials. In the process of code switching, the teacher practiced Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese and English. The aims of this research were to classify the types of code switching and functions of code switching. It was descriptive qualitative research designs of which instrument are both observation and interview. The findings from the data analysis indicated that the types of code switching were found in three types: inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, tag switching. The functions of code switching used by the teacher were found three functions: message reiteration, message qualification and interjection. Furthermore, the type reason of using code switching by teacher based on interview was repetition used for clarification because the teacher wants students understand what teacher has explained. Keyword: code switching, sociolinguistics, bilingualism, English as a foreign language, EFL teaching.

The use of two languages within a conversation has been known as code switching. This study analyzed the code switching phenomenon as found in Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube Channel. The goals are to analyze the types and functions of code switching. Poplack’s model (1980) is applied to identify the types of code switching; meanwhile, for the code switching function, it applied Appel & Muysken’s (1987) theory. The method of descriptive qualitative is used to identify the data. In collecting the data this study applied the observation method and note-taking techniques. Three chosen videos on Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube channel are used as the data source. Furthermore, the result of the study is presented in formal and informal method. All types of code switching were found; there were inter-sentential switching, tag switching and intra-sentential switching. And then, all functions of code switching also found; there were metalinguistic function, phatic function, directive function, poetic function, expressive function and referential function. Keywords: Code switching, YouTube, Maudy Ayunda

This research aims to identify the different kinds of code switching, the factors that cause code switching, and the function of code switching as it was employed in Boy William's Di Balik Pintu vlog. The researchers used descriptive qualititave research. The findings of this study demonstrated the use of tag switching, intersentential switching, and intrasentential switching as the three types of code switching in Di Balik Pintu vlog by Boy William. The researchers found 129 data, 24 intersentential switching data, 74 intrasentential switching data, and 31 tag switching data. The results of the factors that cause code switching were 75 data, there are 34 data of speakers, 28 data of interlocutors, 7 data of situation change from formal to informal, 5 data of change discussion topic, 1 data of attendance of the third person. While for the function of code switching, there were 129 data. The researchers found 19 quotation, 12 addressee specification, 25 interjections, 14 reiterations, 22 message qualification, and 37 personalization or objectification. This research can be used to increase knowledge about code switching and as reference for the next researcher.