Abstract
To prevent and mitigate chemical risks in the petrochemical industry, such as fires and spillage, process safety management (PSM), is essential, especially where flammable, corrosive, explosive, toxic, or otherwise dangerous chemicals are used. We investigated process safety (PS) between man–machine (material equipment) and environmental interfaces by using process hazard analysis (PHA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). By analyzing the data obtained through machinery and mechanical integrity (MI), pre-startup safety review (PSSR), current operating modes, and areal locations of hazardous atmospheres (ALOHA) simulations of the disaster’s aftermath, the cause of the styrene plant accident was found to be the fuel furnace (F101) switching process. Although the furnace had been extinguished, fuel continued to enter the furnace, and it was exposed to a high-temperature surface, resulting in the flashing ignition of the C4 fuel. The plan-do-check-act (PDCA) management model can be used to forestall the system from accident, and it is used to improve the proposal and develop countermeasures that would increase PSM performance and substantially lessen the impact of the thermal hazard. Disasters are often attributable to the unsafe state of machinery, equipment, or the environment, dangerous behaviors of the operator, and the lack of a thorough management system. It is anticipated that the investigation and analysis of the accident would not only find the real cause of the disaster but also lead to the establishment of better effective solutions for common safety problems.
Highlights
The petrochemical industry has brought convenience to modern life, some accidents sporadically occur during the production process
It was exposed to the high temperature surface of the furnace and caused flashing; the operator did not start the emergency interlock to close the fuel valve according to the standard operating procedure (SOP)
The key points of human factors were on how people interact with tasks, with machine/equipment/technologies, and with the environment, in order to comprehend and assess these interactions
Summary
The petrochemical industry has brought convenience to modern life, some accidents sporadically occur during the production process. The process of raw materials poses enormous threats to human life. If improperly handled in preparation operation, management, transportation, or storage, these chemicals can cause fires, explosions, or leakages of toxic gas. In addition to causing loss of life and property damage, these kinds of industrial accidents could trigger public protest over these large-scale plants. After complex disasters happen, the social cost is often difficult to estimate. The impact of a recent disaster was clear
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