Abstract
F 0 R certain applications it is necessary to supply high currents to a liquid helium cryostat. Recently, for example, a report 1 has appeared of a superconducting solenoid energized by a current of 700-900 A. The use of superconductors for lossless power lines 2 is also very promising, and this could entail currents of the order of several kiloamperes being introduced into liquid helium. In view of the low boiling point and very low latent heat of vaporization of liquid helium, such high currents are hardly compatible with a reasonable evaporation rate. Several papers 3-11 have been published in which the evaporation losses of a refrigerant are treated theoretically and experimentally, but some problems still remain, e.g. selection of the optimum cross-section of the leads, estimation of the degree of cooling by effluent gas and the possibility of increasing it if necessary. The purpose of this paper is to report on our analysis and experiments, which enable a reasonable approach to be made to the design of high current leads. We assume that heat influx to a liquid refrigerant due to current-carrying leads can be divided into three parts:
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