Investigating the Impact of Supplementation with Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (UMMB) Containing Organic Adhesives on the Performance, Milk Quality and Blood Metabolic Profile of Holstein Friesian Cows

The present study was undertaken to formulate and compare the nutritional worth of conventional urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) with UMMB containing spent sugar syrup (SSP) from aamla (Phyllanthus emblica) preserve (murabba) industries, sundried waste bread (WB) and/or tomato pomace (TP) in buffaloes. The wheat flour and oil mustard cake in the conventional UMMB were replaced, respectively, with WB and TP on nitrogen basis, while molasses was replaced by SSS on weight by weight basis. The blocks were iso-nitrogenous and iso- caloric as indicated by comparable CP and EE contents in different UMMBs. Male Murrah buffaloes (12; 5–6 yr old; 456.8±5.3 kg body weight) randomly distributed into 3 equal groups were offered either conventional-UMMB, UMMB containing SSS (SSS-UMMB) or UMMB containing SSS, WB and TP (SSS-WB-TP-UMMB) for 45 days. In addition to the respective UMMBs, the animals in all the groups were offered 1 kg conventional concentrate mixture, 5 kg green fodder and 9 kg wheat straw. The daily intake of block varied from 0.49 kg (SSS-UMMB) to 1.08 kg (conventional-UMMB). Simultaneously, each diet was fed to 3 rumen fistulated male buffaloes to assess the impact on rumen metabolites. The DM and water intake, digestibility of nutrients, concentration of rumen metabolites, blood profile, urinary purine derivatives and N-retention were statistically comparable in all the groups. All the animals maintained their body weights. It was concluded that agro-industrial wastes like spent sugar syrup, waste bread and tomato pomace could be incorporated into UMMBs without any adverse effect on palatability, nutrient utilization or health of animals. Above all the preparation of UMMB could be economized and conventional ingredients could be spared for more vulnerable species.

NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITY WHICH GET THE SUPPLEMENTED UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) OF SOME CROP RESIDUES TYPE AND LOCAL GRASS ON ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE. A research evaluating dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of crops residues and local grass supplemented urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on Ongole crossbred cattle (PO). Four male PO cattle, 12 – 18 months of age with ± 100 kg of body weight were used in this experiment. Latin Square Design 4 x 4 with 4 cows and 4 treatments was used. The treatments were : R1 : UMMB + local grass, R2: UMMB + Corn straw, R3: UMMB + Rice straw, and R4: UMMB + peanut straw. The results showed that there were significant effect (P<0.01) of treatments on NDF and ADF digestibility. C1 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass (68.44% and 61.37%) were higher (P<0.05) compared to crop residues (corn straw 65.25% and 58.59%, rice straw 62.63% dan 52.80%, and peanut straw 67.53% and 59.81%) respectively. C2 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw was higher than grasses straw; and C3 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of rice straw was lower than corn straw. The results have concluded that : 1. NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass were higher compared to crop residues. 2. NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw (peanut straw) was higher than grasses straw (corn straw and ricce straw);3. NDF and ADF digestibility of corn straw was higher than peanut straw.Key words: NDF and ADF digestibility, crop residues, UMMB, ongole crossbred cattle

Buffalo is an important dairy animal in Pakistan and contributes more than 70% of total milk production. Presently, a large amount of foreign exchange is being spent to import milk powder to meet the milk requirement of the country. A study was therefore, planned to enhance the milk production in the country by using Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB). It is a (solidified) lick, which provides critical microbial nutrients to increase microbial fermentation in the rumen. This block is prepared from locall, easily available and cheaper feed ingredients. The feeding trials of UMMB were conducted on 95 buffaloes, divided into three main groups on the basis of lactation length (1) early lactation; (2) mid lactation and (3) late lactation. Each group was further divided into UMMB fed and control groups. Daily milk production was recorded and the study was continued for 13 weeks. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between UMMB feeding and increase in daily milk production in lactating buffaloes. An increase of 16% in early, 10% in mid and late lactation group has been observed. In late lactation group the effect was more pronounced and the difference in milk production between experimental and control group was maximum (30%). It was concluded that UMMB supplementation has a significant effect on milk production in buffalo.

This study aims to determine the benefits of giving UMMB (Urea molasses Multinutrient Block) based on cocoa fruit peels fermented by local microorganisms (LMO). The research was conducted at Dompet Dhuafa farm, Bulu Cina village, Hamparan Perak district, Deli Serdang. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The three treatments are K1 = UMMB containing 10% unfermented cocoa pods; K2 = UMMB containing 10% fermented cocoa pods; and K3 = UMMB containing 15% fermented cocoa pods. The parameters observed were palatability, feed consumption, feed conversion, and body weight gain. The results showed that UMMB (Urea molasses Multinutrient Block) based on fermented cocoa fruit peel with LMO did not significantly affect UMMB palatability, feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion of sheep.

Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (UMMB) is a feed supplement for dairy cows, comprising fillers and adhesives. Cement is the most commonly used adhesive in UMMB; however, it consists of inorganic materials that may lead to the precipitation of heavy metals in dairy products, such as milk. In contrast, tapioca meal exhibits similar adhesive properties and is considered a viable substitute for cement in UMMB. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting cement with tapioca meal as an adhesive in UMMB on heavy metal residues, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), in cow's milk. A total of 20 lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows were organized into five dietary treatments according to a completely randomized design, with four cows serving as replicates for each treatment. The dietary treatments included UMMB with 100% cement adhesive (T0); a mixture of 75% cement and 25% tapioca meal (T1); 50% cement and 50% tapioca meal (T2); 25% cement and 75% tapioca meal (T3); and 100% tapioca meal (T4). The milk's Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations were subsequently measured. Results indicated that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Pb levels, while no significant effects (P>0.05) were observed for Cd and Hg. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the milk across all treatments ranged from 0.009 to 0.01 ppm and 0.10 to 0.11 ppm, respectively. Notably, Hg residues were not detected in the milk samples. Consequently, it can be concluded that tapioca meal is an effective alternative to cement as an adhesive in UMMB. Furthermore,

DRIED MATERIALS AND ORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE SUPPLYING UREA MOLLASES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCKS OF (UMMB) FROM SEVERAL AGRICULTURAL WASTE AND EQUIPMENT GRASS. The common forages are given for ruminants in the form of grasses coming from pastures or lawns, bunds, and roadside. In addition, there are still sources of animal feed that has not been utilized optimally the agricultural waste. Some obstacles to the utilization of agricultural waste as animal feed is caused by the generally low quality of agricultural waste with high fiber content, low protein, and low digestibility so that when it is used as a basal feed it is necessary to add other feed ingredien ts that have good quality to meet the needs livestock in improving productivity. One way to optimize the nutritional value of agricultural waste is by providing feed supplements such as urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB). The research was conducted in Tonsewer Village, Tompaso Barat District for 40 days starting from November 2016 until December 2016. The animals used in this study were male PO cattle, aged 12 - 18 months as many as 4 tails with weight ± 100 kg and feed given is field grass (RL), corn straw (JJ), rice straw (JP), and groundnut straw (JKT), and UMMB as a supplement feed. This study used a 4 x 4 Latin Square Design experiment with 4 cattle and 4 treatments. The results of this study indicate that the diversity analysis showed that the treatment had significantly different effect (P <0.05) on the consumption and digestibility of BK and BO. The digestibility of feedstuff DM was R1 (67,51%), R2 (68,57%), R3 (63,51%) and R4 (72,78%) and BO digestibility was R1 (72,78%) , R2 (74.22%), R3 (67.33%), and R4 (67.33%). Key words: crop residues, UMMB, DM, OM digestibility and ongole crossbred cattle

Urea Molasses Multi-nutrient Block (UMMB) is a compact, nutrient-rich ruminant feed supplement. Generally, UMMB adhesive material is the cement that keeps the UMMB in shape so it doesn't crumble. Tapioca meal can be an adhesive for UMMB production because it has a high starch content. This study aimed to determine the value of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes of lactating Friesian Holstein fed UMMB substituted cement adhesive by tapioca meal. Twenty (20) lactating Friesian Holstein was divided into 5 dietary groups in a completely randomized design, and each treatment had 4 cows as replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of UMMB with 100% cement adhesive (A0); 75% cement + 25% tapioca meal (A1); 50% cement + 50% tapioca meal (A2); 25% cement + 75% tapioca meal (A3); and 100% tapioca meal (A4). The results revealed that the dietary treatments had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin, which the substitution of tapioca meal of more than 50% caused the decreased values of hematocrit and hemoglobin. On the other hand, the dietary treatments did not significantly (P>0.05) differ in the value of lymphocytes. The value of hemoglobin and lymphocytes were within the threshold, while the hematocrit level was below the threshold.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen supplementation through urea-molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on the performance of dairy cows fed good quality forage based diets with rice straw as a night feeding. A total of 10 multiparous crossbred dairy cows in their early lactation were grouped into two categories based on their breed, parity, body weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein contents and daily fed a chopped CO-3 grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum; hybrid Napier) ad-libitum, 1 kg of dairy cow concentrate feed during the day time and 5 kg of rice straw (dry matter basis) at night as the basal diet (control) for 5 wk. In addition to the basal diet, the treatment group received 300 g of crushed UMMB daily throughout the experimental period. Cows were milked twice daily and the milk yields were recorded. Milk and feed samples were collected weekly for chemical analysis. Supplementation of UMMB had no significant effects (p>0.05) on straw intake, daily milk yield, contents and yields of milk constituents such as milk fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat. In addition, milk urea nitrogen content were not affected (p>0.05) by UMMB supplementation. However, numerical increments in all the parameters measured were observed during the study in cows fed diets supplemented with UMMB. It can be concluded that nitrogen supplied through UMMB had no effects on production performances of dairy cows in this study.

Poor nutrition is a major contributor to the performance of dairy goats on smallholder farms. Hence, strategic supplementation is required to overcome nutritional deficiencies. This paper reviews the effects of urea molasses multi nutrient block (UMMB) and medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block (MUMB) supplements in comparison with imported commercial mineral blocks (CMB) on nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of Saanen lactating goats. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted at Yusof Ecofarm, Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia. Twenty four (24) Saanen lactating goats were assigned to four dietary treatments with six (6) goats in each group based on completely randomized block design. Goats in T1 (control) were fed with basal diet only that comprise of roughages and goat pellet while T2, T3 and T4 received equal amount of basal diet and allowed for ad-libitum licking of UMMB, MUMB and CMB respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/d) were 1.14, 1.29, 1.25 and 1.16 in T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively whereas the UMMB, MUMB and CMB intakes (g/d) were 86.8, 50.4 and 36.6 respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments on nutrient intake. Crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 as compared to T1 and T4. The serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), ferum (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 with the values of 33.60 ppm, 341.67 ppb, 270.00 ppb and 138.30 ppb respectively as compared to other treatments. Hence, the findings of this research revealed that both UMMB and MUMB were effective in improving nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of lactating Saanen goats.

Transportation stress in livestock can be caused by distance and travel time, crowding in the transport vehicle, malnutrition during transportation, climatic conditions, lack of availability of food and drink and lack of handling during travel. The aim of providing coffee peel-based UMMB is to overcome nutritional deficiencies and stress in livestock during transportation. This research was carried out experimentally with a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments K0 (without UMMB) as control, K1 (UMMB based on 10% fermented coffee peel), K2 (UMMB based on 20% coffee peel), K3 (UMMB based on fermented coffee peel 30%) and 4 repetitions. The research parameters are erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin. The results showed that administration of UMMB based on fermented coffee peel had a significant effect (P<0.05) on reducing erythrocyte levels (16.58%), decreasing hematocrit levels (18.30%) and decreasing hemoglobin levels (31.72%). The conclusion of this research is that administering coffee peel-based UMMB at a dose of 30% can reduce erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in sheep transportation stress

Pelatihan UMMB diadakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pakan ruminansia melalui metode yang efisien dan ekonomis. Tujuan utama adalah memberdayakan petani dengan teknik pembuatan UMMB untuk memperbaiki nutrisi hijauan berkualitas rendah, yang berdampak positif pada performa ternak. Kegiatan ini berlangsung di Kampung Kalisemen, Distrik Nabire Barat, dengan partisipasi 10 anggota kelompok tani 'Maju Bersama'. Metode pelatihan meliputi tahap observasi, tahap koordinasi dan tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan. Hasil pelaksanaan pelatihan mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup antusias, karena bagi para peternak Urea Multinutrien Molases Block merupakan inovasi baru yang sangat bermanfaat bagi usaha peternakan ternak ruminansia termasuk sapi. Antusiasme peserta ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya pertanyaan-pertanyaan peserta yang disampaikan terutama terkait dengan bahan-bahan yang digunakan sebagai sumber gizi serta bahan lain yang perlu ditambahakan untuk meningkatkan kandungan gizi Urea Molases Multinutrien Block yang dihasilkan, manfaat serta cara memberikannya kepada ternak. Suplementasi gizi dengan Urea Multinutrien Molases Block bagi peternak merupakan inovasi baru yang memiliki manfaat yang sangat baik, yaitu untuk mengatasi kemungkinan defisiensi gizi akibat rendahnya kualitas hijauan pakan yang diberikan pada ternak sapinya, karena diperoleh secara cut and carry dari suatu lokasi yang berulang terus menerus. Dengan demikian semua peserta berhasil membuat UMMB dan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan signifikan tentang nutrisi ternak serta aplikasi UMMB dalam peningkatan kesehatan dan produktivitas ternak.

Transportation stress is influenced by trip duration, mileage, vehicle type, road conditions, loading and unloading, vehicle speed and environmental conditions. The provision of Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (UMMB) based on fermented coffee peel aims to overcome nutritional deficiencies and stress in livestock. This study was conducted experimentally with a non-factorial complete randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments of A0 (without UMMB) as a control, A1 (UMMB based on fermented coffee peel 10%), A2 (UMMB based on fermented coffee peel 20%), A3 (UMMB based on fermented coffee peel 30%) and 4 replications. The parameters of the study were glucose levels, total protein and creatinine. The results showed that giving UMMB peel-based fermented coffee has a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing glucose levels (16.03%), decreasing total protein levels (31.49%), and decreasing creatinine levels (2.71%). It can be concluded that giving UMMB based on fermented coffee peel up to 30% can overcome stress in sheep that experience transportation for 8 hours.

The effects of dietary supplementation of urea-molasses multi nutrient block of lactating Horro cows fed Rhodes grass (chloris gayana) hay as a basal diet on milk yield, milk composition, feed intake and live weight change was studied on-station (at Horro Guduru Animal Production and Research Center of Wollega University). Sixteen cows in similar parity and lactation were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (control) and group B (UMMB-supplemented). The control group received baled Rhodes grass hay as a basal diet and small amount of concentrate; whereas the supplemented group (B) received UMMB in addition to the normal ration offered to the control group. The experiment was conducted for 60 days during the dry months. Mean daily milk yield and feed intake were higher in the cows supplemented with UMMB (P<0.01) compared to the un-supplemented group. The average milk yield for control and supplemented groups are 1.62 and 2.38 respectively. On the other hands no significant differences were observed among the supplemented and control group for milk composition and body weight gain (P>0.05). However the body weight gain is slightly better for the supplemented group. The increased milk production due to UMMB supplementation in this study could be attributed to the increased intakes of energy and nitrogen that was accessed through block supplementation.Keyword: UMMB Rhodes grass Milk yield Feed intake

In a 90-day feeding trial, twenty four (24) Saanen lactating does were assigned to four treatment group. The treatments were feeding: basal diet only as a control (T1), basal diet with urea molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) (T2), basal diet with medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block (MUMB) (T3) and basal diet with commercial mineral block (CMB) (T4). There were significant differences (p 0.05) between treatments on WBC, LYM, MON, GRA, RBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, MPV and PCT. However, significant effects (p<0.05) on HBG, MCHC, RDW and PDW were observed in T2 and T3. This research showed that UMMB and MUMB were effective in controlling parasite infestation in Saanen lactating dairy goats apart from improving their blood hematological parameters. Comparison with CMB showed that it is practical to be used for parasite control.

To assess the effect of supplementary feeding of urea molasses multi-nutrient blocks (UMMB) enriched with area- specific mineral mixture on body weight gain, haematology and mineral status, 12 growing Beetal cross goats were divided into Gr I (control) and II (UMMB supplemented @ 50g/day). The difference in body weight was not significantly different between Gr.I and Gr.II. Non-significant changes were observed in haemoglobin and packed cell volume. Significant (P<0.05) improvement was observed in phosphorus, magnesium and zinc levels in supplemented group.