Abstract
DNA is folded in drastically different ways in somatic cells and sperm cells. In somatic cells, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins and remains accessible for transcription and replication. However, in sperm cells, DNA is dramatically condensed into a toroid structure when the histones are replaced by protamine proteins. Here, we investigate the process of histone replacement by protamine using tethered particle motion (TPM). TPM measurements are ideal for looking at DNA folding since measurements are taken at zero force.
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