Investigating Fans’ Social Media Engagement With Their Favorite Football Team: The Role of Sport Involvement, Team Identification, and Subjective Perceptions of Performance

Introduction: Because of the importance of having engaged sport fans on social media, research has also focused on the antecedents of fan social media engagement. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between team brand associations (i.e., benefits, product related attributes, and non-product related attributes) and individuals’ engagement with their favorite team on social media (i.e., consumption, contribution, and creation activities), while also considering the mediating role of sport team identification. Methodology: A quantitative approach was followed by using an electronic questionnaire, which was disseminated through a football-related Facebook page. The sample consisted of 213 fans of football teams who were followers of this page. Results: The findings indicated that benefits predicted the consumption and contribution dimensions of social media engagement, while non-product related attributes predicted only the consumption facet. Benefits and non-product related attributes were also found to be related to sport team identification. Sport team identification was shown to be associated with benefits and non-product related attributes, while it also acted as a mediating variable in the relationships between benefits and social media dimensions and in the relationships between non-product related and social media engagement dimensions. Conclusions: This research uncovers how team brand associations can be related to fan social media engagement and offers practical implications to sport managers aiming to engage their fans on social media.

Background:Breast cancer is the major concern worldwide and in India too. Lack of awareness is one of the causes of increasing mortality rate in India. Social media is playing an important role in health communication including breast cancer information. In India, number of women are using social media.Objective:To explore the impact of social media usage and engagement in enhancing knowledge and practices to prevent breast cancer among women of India.Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Delhi-National Capital Region of India with a sample of 649 women (response rate 83.51%). The questionnaire consisted of three sections. In first section, sociodemographic details (four items) were collected, second section contained five items on social media use and engagement and third part included items on knowledge about risk factors (seven items), symptoms (eight items), and screening (six items) of breast cancer and practice (seven items). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Cramer-V test, and structural equation modeling-Analysis of a moment structure were used to identify the relationship between social media engagement and knowledge and practices of women.Results:Around 80% (431/542) of women have medium level of social media engagement and 20% are highly engaged. The slope coefficient of the relationship between social media engagement and knowledge is 0.805 and between knowledge and practice is 0.309, Chi-square value is 52.053 and 29.624, Cramer-V statistics is 0.310 and 0.165, respectively, which indicates significant relationship.Conclusion:The study result justified significant impact of social media engagement on knowledge and practices of women to prevent breast cancer.

BackgroundSocial media has emerged as a common source of dermatological information. Monitoring the patterns of social media use and engagement is important to counteract the limitations of social media. However, evidence in Vietnamese dermatology patients is lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore social media use and engagement by dermatology patients and to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 participants at the Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology during September to November 2018. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, and social media engagement were collected. Multivariate logistic and tobit regression models were used to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement.ResultsInterest in information about “cosmetic, beauty, and skincare techniques” was the greatest (184/519, 46.2%). The mean engagement score was 8.4 points (SD 2.4 points). Female patients were more likely to use social media (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.23-4.06) and be interested dermatological information on social media (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.35-7.09). Women also had higher social media engagement scores (coefficient=0.68, 95% CI 0.17-1.18). Higher social media engagement scores were related with Instagram use (coefficient=0.58, 95% CI 0.00-1.15) and higher credibility scores for “family members” (coefficient=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26) and “dermatology companies” (coefficient=0.22, 95% CI 0.04-0.39).ConclusionsThis study discovered high social media usage among dermatology patients. However, only moderate utilization and credibility levels were reported regarding the use of social media as a source of dermatological information. More efforts should focus on involving dermatologists in the development of individualized information on social media targeting specific groups of dermatology patients.

Problematic social media use is becoming a significant social and clinical concern, and there is growing research interest in the psychological factors involved, such as personality predispositions and the fear of missing out (FOMO). The present study investigated both the dark triad (DT, namely, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and trait emotion intelligence (trait EI) in relation to the problematic use of technology and social media engagement and the mediating role of FOMO. A total of 788 people between 18 and 35 years old (M = 24.22; SD = 3.91; 75% women) were surveyed. The results showed that social media engagement was positively related to problematic social media use and negatively related to trait EI. In addition, problematic social media use was positively related to DT and negatively related to trait EI. Fear of missing out was positively related to social media engagement, problematic social media use, and DT, and negatively related to trait EI. Fear of missing out had a mediating effect on the relationship between personality dimensions, problematic social media use, and social media engagement. The extent to which personality traits may underpin problematic use of social media and the practical implications of the findings are discussed.

This study aims to investigate the dimensions of customer engagement (CE) in social media and what theories and methods are employed to scrutinize CE on social media. This study systematically used the literature review of 77 articles. Through Scopus-indexed academic databases, this study found and assessed peer-reviewed journal papers focused on social media and consumer engagement from 2018 to 2022. In this study, the current issues and research gaps for designing and developing future research are presented as well. This research analyzed the dimensions, theories, variables, methods, social media types, and previous business and spatial contexts. Most researchers illustrated CE as giving likes, comments, and shares on social media. Sixteen theories of the prior research were employed to investigate consumer engagement. This study positively impacts social media and consumer engagement by suggesting new insight for analyzing the related literature. They include modifying the CE in social media, reflecting the interaction between brand and customer phenomena, using other theories that exclude sixteen approaches that have been identified, and applying different methods such as experimental or mixed methods. Therefore, a comprehensive explanation of the consumer engagement framework on social media can be explained holistically by further studies.

The increasing use of social media has led government agencies to take initiatives for using social media as an additional platform, apart from websites, to disseminate information; especially, regarding the services offered by government agencies. However, a paucity of empirical research on social media engagement with regard to government agencies has been recorded. The present study explores social media usage and engagement on Malaysian government agencies’ Facebook pages. Eight government agencies with the highest usage of Facebook have been selected. Data are collected from Graph API for the publicly visible posts. The content analysis is conducted on texts and messages. The findings related to social media engagement are presented, revealing that likes are the most common mode of engagement. Further study is required, using statistical analysis, to measure social media engagement on government agencies social media platform.

Enhancing Customer Engagement in Social Media with AI – a Higher Education case study

Men’s cosmetic surgery rates are increasing globally. Existing literature suggests that social media engagement encourages women to undergo cosmetic surgery, yet the relationship between social media and cosmetic surgery for men remains underexamined. The aim of this study was therefore to explore if social media engagement impacted men’s interest in undergoing cosmetic surgery. Using an adapted version of the Passive and Active Use Measure to assess social media engagement, the relationship between social media engagement and cosmetic surgery consideration was explored. Among 311 American adult men (Mage = 37.7), passive social media engagement (e.g., viewing photos, browsing profiles) was found to have a small positive relationship with consideration of cosmetic surgery (p < .05, 95% CI [0.12, 0.49]). Conversely, Active Non-social media engagement (e.g., posting videos, tagging) and Active Social media engagement (e.g., posting statuses, commenting) did not predict cosmetic surgery consideration. These results demonstrate that the ways in which men use social media (rather than whether or not they use social media in general) determines their interest in cosmetic surgery. While social media engagement is a known correlate for appearance dissatisfaction in women, this study provides evidence that social media engagement is potentially also harmful to men’s body image. This preliminary research may contribute to informing best clinical practice for men experiencing body dissatisfaction. Namely, reducing passive social media use may alleviate men’s likelihood of pursing cosmetic surgery, in turn reducing their exposure to the physical and psychological risks associated with undergoing cosmetic surgery.

Several variables influencing student loyalty formation include brand image, trust, and social media engagement. This research aims to understand brand loyalty within private universities in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study focuses on the influence of brand image and investigates the mediating roles of brand trust and social media engagement in shaping brand loyalty among students and alumni. The sample size of 148 respondents, including active students and non-graduating alums from public universities, was chosen to capture a diverse perspective on brand loyalty in higher education. The research method employed was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and the data was gathered from official social media accounts managed by four regional private universities. The aim was to provide a rigorous and comprehensive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the brand image of private tertiary institutions has a positive effect on brand trust, the brand image does not affect loyalty, brand image has a positive impact on social media engagement, brand trust has no effect on brand loyalty, social media engagement has no impact on brand loyalty, and there is no direct relationship between brand image loyalty through the variable brand trust and social media engagement and social media engagement. Brand image, trust, and social media engagement do not affect student loyalty. The company's managers strive through social media to provide information that consumers need anytime and anywhere, in addition to providing services related to advice and physical services offered on bicycle products through particular messages on social media.

Scholars have studied sport team identification for decades, advancing our understanding of the influence of a psychological connection to a sport team on attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Despite the contribution of the study of team identification to the sport fan psychology and sport consumer behavior literatures, a critical issue is apparent. A review of the methods used by scholars to assess and study team identification uncovered a misinterpretation of participant responses to team identification scale items. In previous research, not-identified individuals have been examined as individuals with low team identification. We illustrate the problem with scales used to measure team identification, then propose one approach to resolving the problem with the most frequently used scale, the Sport Spectator Identification Scale. We report on the testing of a modified scale, the Sport Spectator Identification Scale-Revised (SSIS-R), to detect not-identified individuals. We conclude with suggestions moving forward the study of team identification in general.

This study explored the relationship between social media engagement and critical thinking disposition among three hundred thirty-nine master’s students at the Professional School of the University of Mindanao, Matina Campus, focusing on the mediating role of information skills. Using a quantitative, non-experimental design and stratified random sampling, data were collected through supervised face-to-face surveys and Google Forms to ensure accuracy. Data analysis included mean scores to assess the levels of social media engagement, critical thinking disposition, and information skills of the respondents; Pearson Product Moment Correlation was also used to examine relationships among these variables, and path analysis was further used to evaluate the mediating effect of information skills. The findings highlighted three primary dimensions of social media engagement: habitual use, obligation, and knowledge sharing. The results indicated that students exhibited a very high level of habitual use, integrating social media into their routines, a sense of obligation to engage in online interactions and a strong commitment to community participation. They also demonstrated very high knowledge-sharing behaviors, actively exchanging information, skills, and expertise. The analysis showed that students possessed a very high critical thinking disposition, marked by active engagement, cognitive maturity, and a robust capacity for problem-solving and synthesizing information. Moreover, the participants demonstrated strong information skills, including effective abilities in information retrieval, evaluation, and the application of prior knowledge to construct new concepts. Mediation analysis indicated that information skills partially mediated the relationship between social media engagement and critical thinking disposition, underscoring the value of fostering information literacy to enhance critical thinking alongside social media engagement. These findings suggest that information skills play a critical role in linking social media engagement to critical thinking, advocating for educational strategies that develop information literacy as a way to support students’ critical thinking development further.

Social media have become mainstream in today’s global economic and social environment and, therefore, they have attracted significant research and managerial attention. They play a significant role in customer engagement and communication while becoming an invaluable tool to businesses of all sizes. Social media have become enormously popular among businesses around the world because they facilitate customer engagement, enhance satisfaction, and increase customer loyalty. They provide a platform where customers engage in various forms of behaviors and interactions with other customers. Thus, customers might be active (e.g. evaluating service performance, posting comments and material, or sharing others’ comments and material) or passive consumers of social media content (e.g. viewing other customers’ evaluations, viewing comments and material, or observing conversations of others). Active customer engagement may be considered social behavior because it involves social interactions, whereas passive engagement as para-social behavior because it is one-sided. The purpose of this chapter is to review the related literature on customer engagement in social media, identify key elements and forms of customer engagement, and propose a conceptual framework that explains how and when customers are engaged in social media. Specifically, the main antecedents (extrinsic and intrinsic factors) and outcomes (relational and value outcomes) of customer engagement are presented along with the types of engagement (active and passive) in social media The proposed framework provides future research directions and managerial implications.

This study entitled Social Media Engagement: Its relation to the Psychosocial Attributes of Selected Junior High School Students was conducted to specifically answer the following questions: What is the status of Social Media Engagement as to; Social Media Platform; Social Media Content; and Screentime? What is the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of Interpersonal Relationship; Life Satisfaction; Online Socialization; and Social Interaction? Is there a significant relationship between social media engagement and psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students of Masico National High School? Based on the data gathered, the findings of the study were as follows: (1) the status of social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime were generally high, this means that students are using different social media platforms that are educational and value their privacy, also, they are very cautious on what they will post or follow online and they set limit on using different mobile devices; (2) the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of interpersonal relationship was high while in terms of life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction were very high, this means that students build strong relationship within their peers with the use of social media. They collaborate and work together. Also, students use social media to be motivated and have a positive outlook in life. They communicate but with limitations and valuing one?s privacy; and (3) the result revealed that social media engagement has a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students, this means that by using different social media platform, students develop a strong interpersonal relationship through continuous communication. Students choose contents that will motivate and help them grow as a person. Social media exposure greatly influences different aspects of students? lives. Based on the findings, social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime have a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students in terms of interpersonal relationship, life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating that ?Social media engagement has no significant relation to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students? was rejected. In view of the findings and conclusion of the study, the researcher recommends that teachers of Masico National High School may integrate the use of different social media platforms that promotes learning. There are a lot of social media platforms that are intended for learning and fun for the students to explore.

Social media engagement has become an integral aspect of modern life, with individuals increasingly using these platforms for various purposes, including social interaction, information sharing, gaming and other entertainment purposes. Psychological well-being is a state of positive mental health in which a person experiences a sense of happiness, contentment and fulfillment. A previous study showed that there is a link between social media engagement and increased mental health symptoms. This study aimed to explore the relationship between social media engagement and psychological well-being among emerging adults. A total of 145 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Social media engagement was evaluated using the social media engagement questionnaire (SMEQ) and psychological well-being was evaluated using the psychological well-being scale. The data collected through online surveys, were analyzed using a correlational research design. It was found that social media engagement strongly correlates with the three aspects of psychological well-being among emerging adults. Results indicated that social media engagement was negatively correlated with autonomy, environmental mastery and positive relation with others. These findings suggest that the nature of social media engagement plays a significant role in influencing psychological well-being. Further studies should investigate these changes in greater depth, particularly with larger and more diverse samples, to gain a better understanding of how specific aspects of social media use affect mental health and psychological well-being.

College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out