Invasive Aquatic Species in Ontario

Abstract

We review eight different pathways for invasion by aquatic species into Ontario. These include fish stocking programs, private aquaculture, bait industry, aquarium and ornamental pond industry, live food fish industry, recreational boating, canals and diversions, and commercial shipping. These pathways have been responsible for the introduction of more than 160 invasive aquatic organisms into Ontario. Due to several gaps in policy and legislation, we conclude that the greatest potential pathways for the future introduction and spread of invasive aquatic species are associated with ballast water from the shipping industry, the live food fish industry, and the ornamental pond/aquarium trade. We offer recommendations to reduce the potential for establishment of additional invasive aquatic species. New legislation is required and public awareness programs need to be expanded. Response protocols need to be developed which clearly define roles and responsibilities of different agencies. Finally, a more coordinated effort between stakeholders and various levels of government with regard to invasive aquatic species is needed.