Intrusion Detection System (DBN-IDS) for IoT using Optimization Enabled Deep Belief Neural Network

The security of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has become a integral problem in view of the exponential growth of IoT devices. Intrusion detection and prevention is an approach ,used to identify, analyze, and block cyber threats to protect IoT from unauthorized access or attacks. This paper introduces an adaptive and incremental intrusion detection and prevention system based on RNNs, to the ever changing field of IoT security. IoT networks require advanced intrusion detection systems that can identify emerging threats because of their various and dynamic data sources. The complexity of IoT network data makes it difficult for traditional intrusion detection techniques to detect potential threats. Using the capabilities of RNNs, a model for creating and deploying an intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) is proposed in this paper. RNNs work particularly well for sequential data processing, which makes them an appropriate choice for IoT network traffic monitoring. NSL-KDD dataset is taken, pre-processed, features are extracted, and RNN-based model is built as a part of the proposed work. The experimental findings illustrate how effective the suggested approach is at identifying and blocking intrusions in Internet of Things networks. This paper not only demonstrates the effectiveness of RNNs in enhancing IoT network security but also opens avenues for further exploration in this burgeoning field. It presents a scalable, adaptive intrusion detection and prevention solution, responding to the evolving landscape of IoT security. As IoT networks continue to expand, the research enriches the discourse on developing resilient security strategies to combat emerging threats in scalable computing environments.

The virtual and physical worlds are bridged using the largest digital mega-trend called the Internet of Things (IoT). Between mankind, new interactions and new business models are emerging due to the incremental growth in the Internet, machines, objects, and people connectivity. Secured communication is a typical challenge that is raised due to IoT high diversity, restricted computational resources, and protocols and standards. Because of the huge attack surface in IoT networks, they are highly vulnerable to various attacks, even with some security measures. So, for detecting attacks, it is necessary to design defense mechanisms. In IoT environments, it is highly crucial to have security defense measures like Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Hence, authentication and encryption traditional security countermeasures are not sufficient. At network level, to solve those issues and to protect Internet-connected frameworks, major solutions are provided by IDS. Highly unique challenges are faced by IoT specific characteristics like malware detection, ransomware, processor architecture heterogeneity, and the gap in security design. However, as in literature, various problems are raised in traditional IDS, like the high false alarm rate. In IoT, for intrusion detection, a detailed study of traditional Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques and recent technologies is presented in this review. For presenting every selected work objective and methodology, they are analysed and this review work discusses their results. IoT systems cannot be secured by applying traditional security techniques directly due to their computational constraints and intrinsic resources. In real time, on IoT devices, unknown and known attacks are detected using ML techniques in IDS. An IDS is presented in this review and its working is independent of network structure and IoT protocols. This IDS do not require any prior knowledge of security threats. Therefore, for providing security as a service to IoT networks, an artificially intelligent IDS is developed. This review paper provides a clear discussion of various attack detection techniques, along with their benefits and drawbacks.

The rise of the Internet of Things has brought about various advantages, such as providing us with more efficient and effortless activities. Unfortunately, the lack of security solutions has also led to the development of new threats. One of these is the exploitation of vulnerabilities in the networks of IoT devices. In order to effectively address the security threats that can arise in the networks of IoT devices, there needs to be an effective intrusion detection system (IDS). In the field of security, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) powered IDS has shown promising promise. Through deep learning and machine learning techniques, these systems can learn and adapt quickly to new threats. This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of an AI-based security system on a large dataset. The research begins with a literature review of the previous studies related to the security of IoT devices and intrusion detection. We then develop a methodology that includes the data collected for evaluation and training, an AI model architecture for intrusion detection, and the evaluation metrics. The paper presents the results of the study and discusses the performance of the AI-based IDS compared to the existing solutions for addressing security threats in Internet of Things networks. It also explores the potential of this technology for future research. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of research on the security of IoT networks and intrusion detection. It shows that an AI-based IDS can perform better than the existing solutions in identifying and mitigating threats. The study's findings show the potential of deep learning and machine learning techniques to enhance the security of IoT networks. It also highlights the scope of this technology's application in other security domains.

The integration of IDS and Internet of Things (IoT) with deep learning plays a significant role in safety. Security has a strong role to play. Application of the IoT network decreases the time complexity and resources. In the traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS), this research work implements the cutting-edge methodologies in the IoT environment. This research is based on analysis, conception, testing and execution. Detection of intrusions can be performed by using the advanced deep learning system and multiagent. The NSL-KDD dataset is used to test the IoT system. The IoT system is used to test the IoT system. In order to detect attacks from intruders of transport layer, efficiency result rely on advanced deep learning idea. In order to increase the system performance, multi -agent algorithms could be employed to train communications agencies and to optimize the feedback training process. Advanced deep learning techniques such as CNN will be researched to boost system performance. The testing part an IoT includes data simulator which will be used to generate in continuous of research work finding with deep learning algorithms of suitable IDS in IoT network environment of current scenario without time complexity.

Data driven intrusion detection for 6LoWPAN based IoT systems

Particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, the rapid growth and diversity of network traffic pose a growing challenge to network intrusion detection systems (NIDs). In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of lightweight machine learning models, such as logistic regression (LR) and k-nearest neighbors (KNNs), alongside other machine learning models, such as decision trees (DTs), support vector machines (SVMs), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forests (RFs) with deep learning architectures, specifically a convolutional neural network (CNN) coupled with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), for intrusion detection. We assess these models’ scalability, performance, and robustness using the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 benchmark datasets. We evaluate important metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and false alarm rate, to offer insights into the effectiveness of each model in securing network systems within IoT deployments. Notably, the study emphasizes the utilization of lightweight machine learning models, highlighting their efficiency in achieving high detection accuracy while maintaining lower computational costs. Furthermore, standard deviation metrics have been incorporated into the accuracy evaluations, enhancing the reliability and comprehensiveness of our results. Using the CNN-BiLSTM model, we achieved noteworthy accuracies of 99.89% and 98.95% on the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets, respectively. However, the CNN-BiLSTM model outperforms lightweight traditional machine learning methods by a margin ranging from 1.5% to 3.5%. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance network security in IoT scenarios by exploring a trade-off between traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is prospering and entering every part of our lives, be it education, home, vehicles, or healthcare. With the increase in the number of connected devices, several challenges are also coming up with IoT technology: heterogeneity, scalability, quality of service, security requirements, and many more. Security management takes a back seat in IoT because of cost, size, and power. It poses a significant risk as lack of security makes users skeptical towards using IoT devices. This, in turn, makes IoT vulnerable to security attacks, ultimately causing enormous financial and reputational losses. It makes up for an urgent need to assess present security risks and discuss the upcoming challenges to be ready to face the same. The undertaken study is a multi-fold survey of different security issues present in IoT layers: perception layer, network layer, support layer, application layer, with further focus on Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks are significant threats for the cyber world because of their potential to bring down the victims. Different types of DDoS attacks, DDoS attacks in IoT devices, impacts of DDoS attacks, and solutions for mitigation are discussed in detail. The presented review work compares Intrusion Detection and Prevention models for mitigating DDoS attacks and focuses on Intrusion Detection models. Furthermore, the classification of Intrusion Detection Systems, different anomaly detection techniques, different Intrusion Detection System models based on datasets, various machine learning and deep learning techniques for data pre-processing and malware detection has been discussed. In the end, a broader perspective has been envisioned while discussing research challenges, its proposed solutions, and future visions.

Hybrid intelligent intrusion detection system for internet of things

Intrusion detection in the Internet of Thing (IoT) faces several challenges, including scalability, attack diversity, and the need for components to cooperate in the threat detection process. Current approaches have failed to simultaneously address these challenges. In this regard, our research presents a collaborative solution for intrusion detection in the IoT that relies on a combination of fuzzy logic techniques and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ensemble. Our goal is to solve the challenges in intrusion detection by using this combination and provide better performance in threat detection. Our proposed method consists of two main phases. In the first phase, the network decomposition and deployment of intrusion detection models are performed. In this phase, first the neighbor identification and weighting of the communication links between nodes are performed. Then, based on these weighted connections, the network clustering and decomposition operations are performed. After clustering, an observer node is assigned to each subnet, in which a separate detection model is deployed, so that intrusion detection can be performed in the second phase. In the second phase, which is performed locally in each subnet, the data is first preprocessed and the feature selection operation is performed using a combination of feature ranking methods and a fuzzy logic model. In this phase, the Backward Elimination Feature Selection model is used to identify the most relevant indicators with the type of attacks, and finally, a CNN model is used to identify intrusions in each subnet. In the detection process, when each of the participating observer nodes performs its local detection using this algorithm, they exchange the obtained information with each other to determine the final result of intrusion detection based on a voting method. It should also be noted that our proposed method was tested on two datasets, NSLKDD and NSW-NB15, and the results obtained show a significant improvement in the intrusion detection performance compared to previous methods. So that the average accuracy obtained was 99.72% in the NSLKDD dataset and 98.36% in the NSW-NB15 dataset.

Technologically speaking, humanity lives in an age of evolution, prosperity, and great development, as a new generation of the Internet has emerged; it is the Internet of Things (IoT) which controls all aspects of lives, from the different devices of the home to the large industries. Despite the tremendous benefits offered by IoT, still there are some challenges regarding privacy and information security. The traditional techniques used in Malware Anomaly Detection Systems (MADS) could not give us as robust protection as we need in IoT environments. Therefore, it needed to be replaced with Deep Learning (DL) techniques to improve the MADS and provide the intelligence solutions to protect against malware, attacks, and intrusions, in order to preserve the privacy of users and increase their confidence in and dependence on IoT systems. This research presents a comprehensive study on security solutions in IoT applications, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Malware Detection Systems (MDS), and the role of artificial intelligent (AI) in improving security in IoT.

The devices of the Internet of Things (IoT) are facing various types of attacks, and IoT applications present unique and new protection challenges. These security challenges in IoT must be addressed to avoid any potential attacks. Malicious intrusions in IoT devices are considered one of the most aspects required for IoT users in modern applications. Machine learning techniques are widely used for intelligent detection of malicious intrusions in IoT. This paper proposes an intelligent detection method of malicious intrusions in IoT systems that leverages effective classification of benign and malicious attacks. An ensemble approach combined with various machine learning algorithms and a deep learning technique, is used to detect anomalies and other malicious activities in IoT. For the consideration of the detection of malicious intrusions and anomalies in IoT devices, UNSW-NB15 dataset is used as one of the latest IoT datasets. In this research, malicious and normal intrusions in IoT devices are classified with the use of various models. %Moreover, improved results are provided and compared with CorrAuc [1] for training accuracies, cross-validation accuracies, execution time, precision, recall and F1 score.

ABSTRACTThe Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed technology interactions by connecting devices and facilitating information exchange. However, IoT's interconnectivity presents significant security challenges, including network security, device vulnerabilities, data confidentiality, and authentication. Many IoT devices lack strong security measures, making them susceptible to misuse. Additionally, privacy concerns arise due to sensitive data storage. Solutions such as secure authentication, encryption, and encrypted communication are vital. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a crucial role in proactively protecting networks, yet they encounter significant challenges in identifying new intrusions and minimizing false alarms. To tackle these issues, researchers have developed IDS systems that leverage machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. This survey article not only provides an in‐depth analysis of current IoT IDS but also summarizes the techniques, deployment strategies, validation methods, and datasets commonly used in the development of these systems. A thorough analysis of modern Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) publications is also included, which evaluates, examines, and contrasts NIDS approaches in the context of the IoT with regard to its architecture, detection methods, and validation strategies, dangers that have been addressed, and deployed algorithms setting it apart from earlier surveys that predominantly concentrate on traditional systems. We concentrate on IoT NIDS implemented by ML and DL in this survey given that learning algorithms have an excellent track record for success in security and privacy. The study, in our opinion, will be beneficial for academic and industrial research in identifying IoT dangers and problems, in implementing their own NIDS and in proposing novel innovative techniques in an IoT context while taking IoT limits into consideration.

OOA-modified Bi-LSTM network: An effective intrusion detection framework for IoT systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is seeing significant growth, as the quantity of interconnected devices in communication networks is on the rise. The increased connectivity of devices has heightened their susceptibility to hackers, underscoring the need to safeguard IoT devices. This research investigates cybersecurity in the context of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), which encompasses the cybersecurity mechanisms used for various healthcare devices connected to the system. This study seeks to provide a concise overview of several artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodologies and techniques, as well as examining the associated solution approaches used in cybersecurity for healthcare systems. The analyzed methodologies are further categorized into four groups: machine learning (ML) techniques, deep learning (DL) techniques, a combination of ML and DL techniques, Transformer-based techniques, and other state-of-the-art techniques, including graph-based methods and blockchain methods. In addition, this article presents a detailed description of the benchmark datasets that are recommended for use in intrusion detection systems (IDS) for both IoT and IoMT networks. Moreover, a detailed description of the primary evaluation metrics used in the analysis of the discussed models is provided. Ultimately, this study thoroughly examines and analyzes the features and practicality of several cybersecurity models, while also emphasizing recent research directions.

The proliferating popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to wide‐scale networked system implementations across multiple disciplines, including transportation, medicine, smart homes, and many others. This unprecedented level of interconnectivity has introduced new security vulnerabilities and threats. Ensuring security in these IoT settings is crucial for protecting against malicious activities and safeguarding data. Real‐time identification and response to potential intrusions and attacks are essential, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are pivotal in this process. However, the dynamic and diverse nature of the IoT environment presents significant challenges to existing IDS solutions, which are often based on rule‐based or statistical approaches. Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has shown great potential to enhance IDS in IoT. Deep learning models can identify complex patterns and characteristics by utilizing artificial neural networks, automatically building hierarchical representations from data. This capability results in more precise and efficient intrusion detection in IoT‐based systems. The primary aim of this survey is to present an extensive overview of the current research on deep learning and IDS in the IoT domain. By examining existing literature, discussing mainstream datasets, and highlighting current challenges and potential prospects, this survey provides valuable insights into the prevailing scenario and future directions for using deep learning in IDS for IoT. The findings from this research aim to enhance intrusion detection techniques in IoT environments and promote the development of more effective antimalware solutions against cyber threats targeting IoT device systems.