Introgressive genotypes for creating bread wheat donors of resistance to powdery mildew, rustes and of other traits

Abstract

The article presents data on the phenotypic diversity of new introgressive lines – derivatives of complex interspecies hybrids and their backcrosses in terms of resistance to common diseases, performance and other breeding traits. This is necessary to create highly productive donors of resistance and increase the efficiency of using the studied material in wheat breeding. Involvement of the selected donor lines in crossing as starting material can give a possibility not only to more successfully solve the problem of increasing the resistance of varieties to diseases, but also expand and improve their genetic basis in relation to other economically valuable traits. Purpose and objectives . Comparison of breeding assessment of the new introgressive lines with the best check varieties the zone. Evaluation of resistance to common diseases and correlations between resistance and some agronomic and economically valuable traits. Selection of highly productive donor lines combining group resistance to diseases with adaptability to growing conditions. Material and methods . The bread wheat lines of various generations, degrees of saturation and origin, which were introgressive by morphological and basic biological characteristics, were studied. Basically, they were obtained by distant hybridization of several winter bread wheat varieties of the steppe ecotype characterized by different alien traits and properties (Odesskaya 267, Albatros, Nikoniya, Selianka, Kuialnik, Panna, Hurt) with one collection and two original introgressive accessions, as well as with six amphiploids derived from Ae. tauschii . The field experiments were carried out according to the conventional breeding design for self-pollinating crops. The material was phytopathologically assessed for the damage intensity using a 9-point integrated unified scale developed from the modified Saari andPrescott’s scale. Grain quality was monitored by the SDS30’K sedimentation index, which was determined by the method developed in the Department of Genetic Basics of Breeding of the PBGI-NCSCI; the protein content - by the Kjeldahl digestion; the 1000-grain weight – by the conventional method. The data were statistically processed by generally accepted methods. Results and discussion . The field experiments allowed us to identify several lines (NIL2, E218/09, E2608/14, E2793/14, AIL1073/16, AIL1074/16 and others) that are resistant to powdery mildew and to 1 or 3 rust pathogens among introgressive genotypes obtained from different crossings. They can be recommended for breeding as genetic donors of resistance to fungal diseases. In addition, lines Er. 2740/17 (E2785/14), Er. 2742/17 (E2791/14) and Er. 2743/17 (E2792/14-2) having no traits of wild species are practically valuable for breeding, as they are resistant to diseases, and their performance is higher than that of the best check varieties. Conclusions. Trials of the collection and new introgressive lines of bread wheat showed that by massively conducted additional crossings, selections and assessments it is possible to create genetic donors of resistance to powdery mildew, three rust pathogens and of high performance as well as genetically stable lines without traits of wild species with performance exceeding that of the best check varieties. Such lines are promising for direct use in practical breeding