Abstract
With the increasing numbers of vehicles globally, and the resulting problems such as traffic jams, traffic accident, and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic crashes result in the deaths of approximately 1.35 million people around the world each year and leaves between 20 and 50 million people with non-fatal injuries [1]. The WHO predicts that road traffic injuries will become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by 2030 [2]. As for the circumstance of public transport safety in China, despite a significant decline in road traffic accidents in recent years, the overall traffic casualties are still high. There were over 24,000 road traffic accidents, causing more than 63,000 deaths in 2018 [3]. While the situation in the United States is much less severe, the number of traffic fatalities in 2016 was only 22,000 with 220 million passenger cars [4]. Therefore, concerns about transport safety have been raised and are a focus of governments, industries, and academia worldwide.
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