Introduction to President Michael D. Higgins’s Acceptance Speech

Rich and varied portrait of a great man Nathanael O'Reilly Good for the Soul: John Curtin's Life with Poetry. Toby Davidson. Crawley: UWA Publishing, 2021. 452 pp. RRP A$34.99. A respected scholar, editor, and poet, Toby Davidson is the author of Christian Mysticism and Australian Poetry (Cambria Press, 2013), editor of Collected Poems: Francis Webb (UWAP, 2011), and author of two collections of poetry, Beast Language (Five Islands Press, 2012) and Four Oceans (Puncher and Wattmann, 2020). Although other poets have higher public profiles, often thanks to their social media presence and writers' festival appearances, Davidson is highly regarded within the Australian poetry community by fellow poets. Davidson is also an outstanding scholar, as his monograph, academic articles, and work as Francis Webb's posthumous editor proves, and thus he is well qualified to conduct the research project that culminated in the publication of Good for the Soul: John Curtin's Life with Poetry, a hybrid text combining biography, history, and literary criticism. In addition to Davidson's experience and skill as a scholar, editor, and poet, he is also the great-grandson of Australia's third wartime prime minister, which gives him unique access and insight into John Curtin's life and archives. At 452 pages, Davidson's book provides weighty evidence of extensive research into Curtin's life and career as a journalist and politician and, especially, his relationship with poetry, which began in childhood. Davidson draws on hundreds of sources, including letters, speeches, newspaper and magazine articles, academic and biographical studies of Curtin's life and political career, the Curtin family library, parliamentary records, Curtin's official schedule while prime minister, interviews with Curtin and his associates, and a multitude of poems that Curtin read, quoted, and paraphrased. Davidson's exhaustive research has produced an impressive, fascinating book that is a significant contribution to the fields of Australian politics, history, and literary studies. Good for the Soul: John Curtin's Life with Poetry provides new understandings of Curtin as a politician and leader and the role of poetry in Australian politics during the first half of the twentieth century. Davidson repeatedly demonstrates that Curtin engaged deeply and frequently with poetry, quoting and paraphrasing poets in articles, speeches, and conversations on a seemingly daily basis for four or five decades. Curtin's favorite poets included Dante Alighieri, Robert Browning, Dame Mary Gilmore, Adam Lindsay Gordon, Victor Hugo, Omar Khayyam, Rudyard Kipling, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Lord Byron, James Russell Lowell, John Milton, Bernard O'Dowd, William Shakespeare, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Alfred Tennyson, Walt Whitman, and William Wordsworth. Curtin reportedly memorized impressive quantities of the works of Milton, Shakespeare, and Tennyson. Davidson's book also makes one wish that we had political leaders in Australia that read and value poetry and argue that it should be a fundamental part of Australian culture, as Curtin did repeatedly. As Davidson emphasizes, Curtin insisted that "without writers, poets, thinkers, dreamers, artists and musicians, Australia 'would be but a material place, well fed, perhaps, but not happy or enduring.' More poetry, more culture, was needed, not less" (379). I cannot imagine any Australian prime minister since Gough Whitlam echoing Curtin's argument. [End Page 389] The structure of Good for the Soul is clear, logical, and effective. The book contains an introduction and fourteen chapters. The chapters are organized in chronological order, beginning with Curtin's childhood (chapter 1) and ending with his death in 1945 (chapter 12), with the exception of chapter 13, which focuses on Dame Mary Gilmore's relationship with the Curtins, and the conclusion (chapter 14). The back matter contains a brief selection of Curtin's light verse, a list of the poetry titles contained in the Curtin Family Library, extensive notes on the chapters, a general index, and an index of 244 poets referred to by Davidson. Notably absent is a works cited or bibliography, which means that readers wanting to scan Davidson's sources in search of a particular author or text are unable to do so. Rather, they must sift through 987 notes printed across forty-two pages. I have enough publishing experience to know that the absence of a works cited...

At the Chernobyl Power Plant Eco-reserve, and: Landscape with Translucent Moon, and: The Understory, and: Landscape with Peregrine Falcon and Hart Crane, and: Refingering the Chords for “Blackberry Blossom” Jennifer Atkinson (bio) At the Chernobyl Power Plant Eco-reserve Jennifer Atkinson (bio) If ravens perch on the Ferris wheeloutside of town, if owlsnest in the silos and swallows circlethe tipped watchtower, if catfishbloat in the cooling pool and elkgraze on perennial beard grass,if boars rake their tusksamong the roots, if blackstorks claim the cloud-blightedpines of Red Forest, if wiresuccumbs to rust, if lichen,if shingles unhinge in the snow,if untrafficked lots cede landto yarrow, if mirrors, if spoonsreflect the sky, if watches tickin unopened drawers, if swollen,if stiff-maned Przewalski’s horsesfoal, if wolves, if then, if then, if [End Page 99] Jennifer Atkinson Jennifer Atkinson is the author of four collections of poetry. The most recent, Canticle of the Night Path, won Free Verse’s New Measure Prize in 2012. Poems have appeared in journals including Field, Image, Witness, New American Writing, Poecology, Terrain and Cincinnati Review. She teaches in the MFA and BFA programs at George Mason University. Copyright © 2013 The Curators of the University of Missouri Landscape with Translucent Moon Jennifer Atkinson (bio) Palm trees, like old pilings, tipin the sand toward the Maldive Islands still.The moon, a slice of green coconut, floatsin a sky streaky with cloud. Eight winters after the tsunami hit, offshorethe coral reef is reinventing itselfby fits and starts, by hook and footand reef-wasn’t-built-in-a-day steady calm.Patience comes easy to gastropods. The after-warnews is of atrocity, in this like before-, during, after-war news everywhere: rape, torture, mass graves,the usual list, human powerreasserting itself on the bodies of others. Deep in the once jungled, once war-rivenTamil north, a Buddha carved in living stonestill falls smiling into death, serene these last thousand years.How many warshas that peace survived? It’s said that just before he died,the historical Buddha sent south to Sri Lankaa slip from the originalenlightenment tree at Bodh Gaya. [End Page 100] That tree planted between the sites of tsunami and waris now the oldest tree on earth, a living emblem of compassionfor these last two thousand years. It’s guarded night and day at gunpoint. [End Page 101] Jennifer Atkinson Jennifer Atkinson is the author of four collections of poetry. The most recent, Canticle of the Night Path, won Free Verse’s New Measure Prize in 2012. Poems have appeared in journals including Field, Image, Witness, New American Writing, Poecology, Terrain and Cincinnati Review. She teaches in the MFA and BFA programs at George Mason University. Copyright © 2013 The Curators of the University of Missouri The Understory Jennifer Atkinson (bio) The sycamore doesn’t lean riverward.It leans toward the light over the river,Shading an understory beneath its green,Daunting the aster, guarding the fern,Cooling the water alongside, watersOne week raucous with parking-lot runoff,The next nearly stagnant. Slow or quick,The current undercuts the sycamore’s bank,Leaves gravel trapped around its roots. And the sycamore leans further, tippedLike an open drawbridge. Already It’s picked up the river’s accent,That slurred drawl, those schwa-flat vowels.It’s falling into the rhythm, acceptingThe ethic of onwardness. Only we will missThe leaning tree when it finally falls.Its birds will choose another to light on,Deer will take its downed leaves,Asters will star in the light of its absence.Though ferns will parch, fish will profit. And the river will flow under,Over, forward, around its trunk, almost as before. [End Page 102] Jennifer Atkinson Jennifer Atkinson is the author of four collections of poetry. The most recent, Canticle of the Night Path, won Free Verse’s New Measure Prize in 2012. Poems have appeared in journals including Field, Image, Witness, New American Writing, Poecology, Terrain and Cincinnati Review. She teaches in the MFA and BFA programs...

Background: In post-apartheid South Africa, much has been written about political killings or political assassinations, particularly at the local government level. Many studies carried out on this topic focus mostly on factionalism and internal squabbles within the African National Congress (ANC). Little attention has been paid to the impact of political careerism on political killings at the local government level. Aim: This article seeks to explore and discuss the impact of political careerism on political killings at the local government level in South Africa. Methods: The article relied on secondary data from accredited journal articles, scholarly books, official reports, academic dissertations and conference proceedings. A qualitative desktop analysis of data was employed. Results: Policy recommendations are suggested to remedy political killings and promote peaceful conflict resolution within political parties. Conclusion: High unemployment and a lack of job opportunities drive individuals, particularly youth, to pursue political careers for economic gain, resulting in conflicts and assassinations. Contribution: There are two main contributions in this article. Firstly, it underscores how political careerism within the ANC has led to the rise of quasi-politicians who prioritise personal enrichment over development and public service. Secondly, it connects economic conditions to political behaviour. As a result of high unemployment and a lack of entrepreneurial opportunities, the youth, mainly in the ANC, pursue political careers as a path to economic opportunities.

Contributors

Reviewed by: Stephen Crane, and: New Essays on "The Red Badge of Courage", and: Realism, Writing, Disfiguration on Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane Thomas Kent Bettina L. Knapp . Stephen Crane. New York: Ungar, 1987. 198 pp. $15.95. Lee Clark Mitchell . New Essays on "The Red Badge of Courage."Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986. 150 pp. pb. $7.95. Michael Fried . Realism, Writing, Disfiguration on Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987. 215 pp. $29.95. Crane scholarship continues to advance steadily, and three recent books (actually two books and a long essay) contribute to this advance in very different ways. Although all three texts concentrate predominantly on Crane's fiction, they differ markedly in their aims and methodologies. Bettina L. Knapp, for example, provides a general introductory overview of Crane's life and work, an overview aimed primarily at readers who are unfamiliar with Crane's writings. Lee Clark Mitchell's collection of six essays offers an updated perspective on some of the more recent critical approaches to The Red Badge of Courage. Finally, in the most provocative and theoretically sophisticated of these three texts, Michael Fried deconstructs Crane's "thematics of writing," and, as might be expected in such a reading, he discovers the paradox that Crane's writing must efface and repress itself in order to be writing at all. Bettina L. Knapp's Stephen Crane contributes to the "Literature and Life: American Writers" series, and, for the most part, it speaks to a popular audience. The book provides a general introduction to Crane's life and works, and it includes segments devoted to Crane's biography, the novels, the poems, and the tales. The first segment relates the well-known story of Crane's life: his picaresque journey through different educational institutions; his trials and tribulations as a young reporter; his development as a writer; his financial problems; his sickness and his death. For readers who know next to nothing about Crane, this account provides an adequate and readable sketch of his life. The final three segments address Crane's works, and these segments are divided into chapters that give short publication histories and general summaries of the major texts. "Part II: The Novels" contains chapters on Maggie, The Red Badge of Courage, George's Mother, The Third Violet, Active Service, and The O'Ruddy. Part III discusses Crane's collections of poetry, The Black Riders and War Is Kind. Part IV includes chapters on Tales of Adventure, The Monster, and The Whilomville Stories, and other tales of war. [End Page 662] Although the commentary that accompanies the summaries of these texts will surprise no one who is familiar with Crane scholarship, the book does discuss briefly some of the traditional critical appraisals of Crane's writings. As a book designed to stimulate interest in Crane's literary legacy, Stephen Crane provides a good general introduction to Crane's life and works. Unlike Knapp's Stephen Crane in both methodology and scope, New Essays on "The Red Badge of Courage," edited by Lee Clark Mitchell, is an introductory collection of essays that provides a selective overview of the well-known hermeneutic and historical problems raised by The Red Badge of Courage. In fact, the strength of this collection resides in its breadth of coverage; the essays range from straight-forward textual and historical criticism to an attempt at deconstructive analysis. Hershel Parker, for example, traces the tortuous publication history of The Red Badge of Courage and argues convincingly for the supremacy of the original manuscript over the Appleton version. In addition to relating a brief account of Crane's life, Mitchell, in his "Introduction," examines The Red Badge of Courage from the point of view of reception aesthetics and finds that "by subtly disrupting literary conventions, [Crane] presents an analogue for his readers of the very experience his characters face." In "The American Stephen Crane: The Context of The Red Badge of Courage," Andrew Delbanco attempts to place the novel in its nineteenth-century cultural and historical context. He argues that "Stephen Crane wrote The Red Badge out of and about a crisis of faith—both about God and about God's instrument...

Race, Sexuality, and Representation in David Mura’s The Colors of Desire 1 Xiaojing Zhou (bio) In Asian American literary discourse, identities of race, gender, and culture have been highly contested sites, whereas sexuality is still an emerging terrain of literary and critical exploration. 2 Sexuality, especially homosexuality, intersected by race, gender, and class, as a central theme has developed rapidly, but only recently as shown by Timothy Liu’s collections of poetry, Vox Angelica (1992), Burnt Offerings (1995), and Say Goodnight (1998), and by anthologies such as A Lotus of Another Color (1993), The Very Inside (1994), On A Bed of Rice (1995), and Asian American Sexualities (1996). 3 David Mura’s second book of poetry, The Colors of Desire (1995), is part of this significant development among Asian Americans and their growing consciousness of the complex relations between race and sexuality. Mura’s volume also marks a new departure in Asian American writers’ treatment of sexuality as a racialized and gendered positionality. 4 Mura’s poems explore the connections between racial ideologies and representational deployments of sexualities, and their effects on sexuality. They also illustrate that prohibition and taboo imposed by law or dominant ideology on sexual transgressions are enabling conditions for both the articulation and subversion of racialized heterosexual norms. Judith Butler in Bodies that Matter considers ideologically determined sexual prohibitions as “constitutive constraints,” which make the “performativity” of gender and sexuality possible. Butler further argues [End Page 245] that the “performative” dimension of the construction of sexuality is “precisely the forced reiteration of norms.” In other words, Butler contends, constraint should be “rethought as the very condition of performativity”; “the law is not only that which represses sexuality, but a prohibition that generates sexuality or, at least, compels its directionality.” 5 Butler’s theory of performativity in terms of the regulative and generative functions of power in constructing sexuality, can shed light on Mura’s representation of the connections between racial identities and sexualities. Butler’s argument that “the law is . . . a prohibition that generates sexuality or, at least, compels its directionality” can also illuminate Asian American men’s feminized stereotypes, and their counter-representations by Asian American writers of their racialized, gendered, and sexualized identities. These representations and their historical roots provide an important context for our understanding of Mura’s Colors of Desire. According to the editors of one of the earliest Asian American literary anthologies, Aiiieeeee! (1974), the history of Asian Americans is one of disempowerment and marginalization, or “emasculation” to use King-Kok Cheung’s word. 6 While fully aware that “terms such as ‘emasculated’ and ‘effeminate’ presume and underwrite the superiority of the masculine over the feminine,” Cheung examines the “emasculation” of Asian Americans as an imposition upon Asian immigrants and Asian Americans by the dominant power in the historical, cultural, and political contexts of the United States. 7 Cheung’s location of Asian American gendered identities helps shift the terms of the debate on gender issues in Asian American literary discourse from patriarchal sexism and cultural nationalism versus feminism to a more complex consideration of gender in terms of power relations, racial ideologies, and historical specificities. 8 Jinqui Ling’s recent essay on Asian American masculinity further contributes to dismantling binarisms in the debate on issues of gender. Ling argues that in investigating the meaning of Asian American men’s experience troped on their “emasculation” or “feminization,” it is necessary to contextualize these terms in a social and historical framework. 9 Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men is perhaps the most informative and galvanizing work which provides a historical context for an [End Page 246] understanding of Asian American men’s social, political, and sexual “emasculation,” as well as an Asian American writer’s counter-representations of Asian American manhood. Although Asian American sexualities have always been constructed as part of their racial and ethnic identities, Asian American writers’ rearticulations of their identities have been more concerned with the racialization and ethnicization of gender, and the engendering of race and ethnicity than with sexuality. 10 Sau-ling Cynthia Wong notes a curious absence of sexuality in works by American-born Chinese American writers since the 1960s in contrast to those...

This study explores the thematic issues raised in Taiwo Oloruntoba-Oju’s poetry collection Losses. A total of nine data were selected from the poems Another Parable, Apata, the Rock; The new Commandments; Down the Throat of Pieter Botha and, Tell Them Mandela which were purposively selected from the poetry collection. These selected data from the poetry collection were analysed using Stylistics as the model for analysis. Specifically, Biblical allusion, as a stylistic device, is used for analysis. The Biblical allusions are elicited from the selected data. The aim of this study is achieved by exploring how the selected Biblical allusions reinforce the various themes in Losses. This study has revealed through the analysis that the use of Biblical allusions by the poet is not just a show of the poet’s linguistic or stylistic dexterity but also as a potent tool to reinforce his message through the themes. The analysis has shown that the poet through Biblical allusion explores basically the themes of oppression, hardship, poverty and revolution. This study is unique in that apart from exploring the stylistic prowess of the poet through his use of Biblical allusions, it further explores how the allusions are important in the thematic construction of the poems. This study concludes that Oloruntoba-Oju is an ace stylistician who through stylistic devices is able to aptly communicate his message to readers. Keywords: stylistics, style, allusion, poetry, Taiwo Oloruntoba-Oju, Losses.

SPAN 3340: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION Balam Rodrigo’s Poetry Translation and Public Reading Balam Rodrigo is a major figure in the Mexican literary circle and he has published over ten books of poetry. His work has been anthologized in several collections of poetry, including national anthologies published by the prestigious Fondo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes ( The National Fund for Culture and Arts) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico Press, as well as various international publications in Brazil, Portugal, Guatemala, and Colombia . His poetry has won the most prestigious Mexican and international prizes. As a poet and educator, Balam Rodrigo coordinates art workshops at regional cultural centers throughout Mexico. Last Fall, it was a privilege to have at UTA such an amazing poet and to be able to organize a bilingual poetry reading for UTA students and members of the Latino community of North Texas. Students in SPAN 3340, Introduction to Translation, worked for two weeks in the translation of a selection of Balam’s poetry. They worked in groups and I provided them with the poems to be translated into English. They had to turn in a first version of each poem that was corrected in class and then they turned in a second version of their translation. Balam visited my class two days before the reading and students had the opportunity not only to meet this magnificent poet, but also to talk to him about his poetry and their own translations. Students in SPAN 3340 volunteered to read in English their own translation work. For many of them, this was the first time they attended a poetry reading or translated poetry in general. The Bilingual Poetry Reading was co-sponsored by the Center for Mexican American Studies and the Department of Modern Languages. The reading was in Spanish followed by English translation. The Q&A was also in both English and Spanish. It was an amazing experience and I would like to take this opportunity to thank my students for their extraordinary job. Dr. Alicia Rueda-Acedo

Previous articleNext article No AccessDiscussionExtremism and Tolerance in PoliticsS. J. HartenbergS. J. Hartenberg Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 77, Number 4Jul., 1967 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/291646 Views: 12Total views on this site Copyright 1967 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

When Langston Hughes set off for Russia in June 1932, he packed a victrola and several records by Louis Armstrong and Ethel Waters. Hughes brought these unwieldy objects at the urging of his friend, Louise Thompson, the organizer of the group of African American artists, writers, and activists with whom Hughes was traveling. Hughes’s attachment, aesthetic and otherwise, to blues and jazz is clearly etched in the work he had produced in the 1920s. His two collections of poetry, The Weary Blues (1926) and Fine Clothes for a Jew (1927), push the apparent limits between modern poetic verse and song verse, fusing modernity and orality. Hughes’ memoir of his Soviet journey, I Wonder as I Wander, underscores the lure of mixtures. In his own sparse prose, Hughes recalls that his victrola created a “social center” wherever he traveled. He recounts how Jews, Russians, Asians, Mongolians, Uzbeks, and “Turkomans” 1 flocked to his room in Ashkhabad (now in Turkmenistan), and explains, “Everywhere around the world, folks are attracted by American jazz. A good old Dixieland stomp can break down almost any language barriers, and there is something about Louis Armstrong’s horn that creates spontaneous friendships” (114).

The first time I saw Alexs Pate I was startled. I couldn't believe that this man--clad in a loose black shirt, jeans, steel-toed boots, and a head full of chin-length dreadlocks, carrying a black Diesel bag--was a professor. A writer. He wrote Amistad? And even more surprising, after seeing this anomalous image, was listening to his voice, which was soft, serene, even tranquil at times. Pate, born and raised in Philadelphia, imparts his iconoclastic image onto his work. He is an innovator, clairvoyant in his observations about love, humanity, and freedom. Pate, who has published five novels and a collection of poetry in a span of eight years, breaks new ground in the realm of African American literature. He shatters stereotypes associated with African American men and the African American home with the novels Losing Absalom (1994) and Finding Makeba (1997). He probes the nature of guilt that African American men feel as a result of the societal stereotypes that mark them as villains, as outlaws in his collection of poems innocent (1998) and in his recent novel The Multicultiboho Sideshow (1999). And finally in his new novel, West of Rehobeth (2001), he introduces a young boy, coming of age into a world full of guilt and despair, who learns the importance of maintaining innocence and hope. This interview took place on June 10, 2000, at his home in Minneapolis, MN. It delves deep into the heart of Pate's novels and poetry as it explores themes in his work such as guilt and innocence. It examines Pate's philosophies on writing, on the job of the artist, on the importance of African American male writers, and on the state of contemporary African American literature. Ultimately, it gives us a clearer understanding of the relationship between Pate's work and his attempt to stimulate positive growth and change in our world. Link: Describe what it was like growing up in Philadelphia. Pate: I grew up in North Philadelphia, fairly deep in the hood. I lived on a block in the middle of a lot of poverty, but I lived in an enclave where most of the people owned their houses. Everybody had cars. It was a working middle-class community. Most of the fathers in the neighborhood worked one or two jobs, at least. Most of our mothers worked, too. It was like these black people, my parents and the people that were like them, really believed in the American Dream, and they worked hard to achieve it. They also worked hard to prepare their kids educationally. It was a time where kids learned etiquette and manners. There were clubs, Boy Scouts, summer camps, and summer vacations. I remember somebody in the neighborhood would gather up all the kids once a week during the summer to go for a ride. We would drive out of the neighborhood and into the suburbs to get ice cream, or to have a change of scenery. I had a good childhood, but it wasn't idyllic because, at the same time, I lived around a lot of gangs and gang fighting. I was constantly dodging the impact of gang violence on the streets. It was around us, but it wasn't among us. We were among it. I wasn't untouched by it, but I wasn't molded by it either. I was molded by the fact that most of my friends' families were intact. And I always had to contend with which parent was watching me because somebody's parent was always near. My mother made me read a lot, so I spent a lot of time in my room reading. That's where I developed a love for stories. My dad and I would go to baseball games to see the Phillies play regularly. He'd play ball with me, or I'd play ball with my friends out on the streets. I sort of vacillated between being studious and being a street jock. Of course, my family had a lot of stress, usually around money, but I grew up basically like a Disney kid. There was a certain kind of innocence actually, when I think about it--even among all the chaos and violence in the community. …

Reviewed by: Herbert H. Lehman: A Political Biography by Duane Tananbaum William Hogan Herbert H. Lehman: A Political Biography By Duane Tananbaum. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016, 959 pages, $44.95, Cloth. Throughout much of the twentieth century, New York State was fortunate to have uncommonly effective political leaders. Duane Tananbaum's voluminous biography demonstrates convincingly that Herbert Lehman deserves a place in the top tier of Empire State political leaders. Tananbaum portrays Lehman as an exemplary public servant who consistently showed vision, integrity, and political courage. He notes that, "Despite his important role in American political life from the late 1920s through the early 1960s, Herbert Lehman has been largely ignored by scholars and forgotten by the general public" (xiv). Lehman has been overshadowed by more charismatic New York governors, including Al Smith, Franklin Roosevelt, Thomas Dewey, and Nelson Rockefeller. Tananbaum has produced a comprehensive scholarly work that is likely to remain the definitive political biography of Lehman. Noted historian Alan Nevins's Herbert Lehman and His Era, published in 1963, was the last full-scale biography of Lehman. Unlike Nevins who covered Lehman's early life and background in detail, Tananbaum—a professor of American History at Lehman College of the City University of New York—focuses on his subject's political career. The product of meticulous research, the book comprises 657 pages of narrative, nearly 200 pages of notes, and an extensive bibliography. Tananbaum relied heavily on Lehman's letters and speeches, oral histories, and government documents. The author effectively synthetizes a massive amount of material into a compelling biography of Lehman. By chronicling Lehman's political career against the backdrop of his times, Tananbaum is able to provide informative overviews of the Great Depression, New Deal, relief efforts during and after World War II, the Cold War, McCarthyism, the civil rights movement, and conflicts between political bosses and reformers in New York during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The author highlights Lehman's interactions with such notables as Al Smith, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Joseph [End Page 136] McCarthy, Adlai Stevenson, Lyndon Johnson, and John Kennedy. He demonstrates Lehman's influence at both the state and national levels during a period when New York State was at the pinnacle of its political power. Tananbaum identifies Lillian Wald—the founder of the Henry Street Settlement House—as a significant early influence in reinforcing Lehman's social conscience. Lehman became involved in politics as a key supporter of Al Smith and a major contributor to his campaigns. Although Lehman and Smith came from disparate backgrounds, they shared "the belief that government should help people overcome the problems resulting from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration" (14). Although Lehman was Smith's first choice to succeed him as governor, he instead ran on the Democratic ticket with Roosevelt in 1928 and won the lieutenant governorship by a mere 14,000 votes. Four years later Lehman was elected governor by 840,000 votes, which was the largest victory margin by a Democrat in New York State up until that time. Roosevelt and Lehman formed an effective partnership that developed into a lasting friendship: "Lehman's conscientious, almost compulsive, attention to detail complemented Roosevelt's focus on the big picture" (42). Roosevelt relied on his lieutenant governor's business experience to deal with bank failures and mediate labor disputes. Lehman believed that Roosevelt "was the greatest man of my time" (37). Despite his high regard for Roosevelt, Lehman did not hesitate to publicly disagree with his political mentor. Lehman aroused the ire of Roosevelt and ardent New Dealers when he publicly opposed FDR's court-packing plan. Governor Lehman's "Little New Deal" in New York State mirrored Roosevelt's New Deal. Lehman used the power of state government to assist people in coping with the Great Depression. Significant accomplishments included assistance to the unemployed, public housing, lower utility rates, and help for farmers. One of the highlights of Lehman's decade in office was turning back a strong challenge from Thomas Dewey in the 1938 gubernatorial election. In November 1942, Lehman joined the Roosevelt administration as head of the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations...

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos ejes de análisis que contribuyan a enriquecer los estudios en torno de la conformación y caracterización de los grupos dirigentes decimonónicos argentinos. Para ello, el artículo toma como objeto de análisis a los elencos políticos de la provincia de Mendoza surgidos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y presenta una sólida evidencia empírica que identifica 725 actores políticos encargados de encarnar y dinamizar el Estado provincial. Dicho corpus ha sido analizado a través de metodologías cuantitativas y de la combinación de herramientas y perspectivas metodológicas tales como la prosopografía, los análisis sociológicos y los análisis de la sociabilidad, los cuales permiten distinguir varios rasgos de las dirigencias locales. Estas cuestiones fueron indagadas a partir del exhaustivo análisis de un amplio corpus documental —registros oficiales, partes departamentales, periódicos de la época— los cuales posibilitan el examen de una serie de variables que intervienen en el desarrollo de los periplos políticos de estos actores: su perfil socioprofesional; su continuidad o permanencia en los cargos públicos; y la proyección de sus itinerarios. En su conjunto el artículo constituye un aporte a los debates historiográficos actuales acerca de la relativa complejidad del sistema político decimonónico y del protagonismo de los grupos políticos provinciales y locales en el proceso de conformación del Estado nacional argentino. Asimismo, el estudio representa un avance sustantivo respecto de la literatura existente sobre las élites y las nóminas dirigentes, la cual se ha basado en datos exiguos y poco sistemáticos produciendo apresuradas generalizaciones que, no obstante, han sido tomadas como indicadores válidos para definir un amplio espectro político.

The study explores the effects of Machiavellianism on political behavior and career development while emotional labor as a moderator among a sample of Chinese public servants. Our quantitative data support that Machiavellianism has positive effect on public servants' political behavior and promotes female public servants to advance up the organizational ladder, however, it hinders male public servants' career development. Moreover, emotional labor moderates the relationship between Machiavellianism and promotion times of male public servants. Corresponding implications of the results are discussed.

Latin Women Take the Helm