Introduction to Integrated Geo-Information Management.

Abstract

1: Information management.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Spatial data systems.- 1.3 Decision making.- 1.4 Organisations and their objectives.- 1.5 The management of information.- 1.6 Information networks.- 1.7 Information systems.- 1.8 Geo-information systems.- 1.9 Spatial decision support systems.- 2: Data for geo-information systems.- 2.1 Data into information.- 2.2 Describing geographic location.- 2.3 Objects and hierarchies.- 2.4 Maps and cartographic representation.- 2.5 Considerations in using maps.- 2.6 Map-based geo-information systems.- 2.7 Data derived from spatial analysis.- 2.8 Address-based spatial information.- 2.9 Postcodes.- 2.10 Other spatial datasets.- 2.11 Attribute data.- 2.12 Metadata.- 3: Geo-information databases.- 3.1 Choosing the right data structure.- 3.2 Data structures and data models.- 3.3 Spatial data models.- 3.4 Spatial data structures.- 3.5 Problems of three dimensional data.- 3.6 Temporal data model.- 3.7 Database management systems.- 3.8 Physical and logical database design.- 3.9 DBMS structures.- 3.10 Standard query language (SQL).- 3.11 Object-oriented databases.- 4: Integrated approaches to GIS.- 4.1 Benefits of information integration.- 4.2 Integrated data models.- 4.3 Information networks.- 4.4 Integration with existing databases.- 4.5 Open systems environment.- 4.6 Integration frameworks.- 4.7 Corporate solutions.- 4.8 Organisational issues.- 4.9 Implementation strategies.- 4.10 Benefits and costs.- 5: Low cost spatial information systems.- 5.1 Low cost strategies.- 5.2 Development of the microcomputer.- 5.3 Availability of software.- 5.4 Developing technologies.- 5.5 Stand alone solutions.- 5.6 Network solutions.- 5.7 Data availability.- 5.8 Human resourcing issues.- 5.9 Implementation issues.- 5.10 Low cost GIS users.- 6: Copyright and legal issues.- 6.1 Who owns the data?.- 6.2 Law related to information.- 6.3 Access to information.- 6.4 Data ownership and copyright.- 6.5 Added value information.- 6.6 Liability and GIS.- 6.7 Accuracy of information.- 6.8 Inappropriate map usage.- 6.9 Data availability and government policy.- 7: Standards for spatial information.- 7.1 The role of standards.- 7.2 Standards organisations.- 7.3 Data transfer standards.- 7.4 UK National Transfer Format.- 7.5 US Spatial Data Transfer Standard.- 7.6 DIGEST.- 7.7 ASRP Raster Standard.- 7.8 Other standards.- 7.9 Importance of standards.- 8: Analysis functions in GIS.- 8.1 Analysis in GIS.- 8.2 Manipulation versus analysis.- 8.3 Query and manipulation in integrated solutions.- 8.4 Statistical analysis.- 8.5 Modelling of spatial data.- 8.6 Models for managing derived data.- 8.7 Metadatabases and data dictionaries.- 8.8 Developing operating procedures for analytical processes.- 9: Graphical user interfaces.- 9.1 Human-computer interface.- 9.2 User-friendly GIS.- 9.3 Generic interface types.- 9.4 User interfaces for decision support systems.- 9.5 GIS-independent user interfaces.- 9.6 Specific applications of graphical user interfaces.- 9.7 Issues of communication.- 9.8 Help facilities.- 10: Visualisation.- 10.1 Cartographic visualisation.- 10.2 Perception and patterns.- 10.3 Map design issues.- 10.4 Colour and symbolisation.- 10.5 Typology and text placement.- 10.6 Interactive map specifications.- 10.7 Scientific visualisation.- 10.8 Terrain representation.- 10.9 Three dimensional visualisation.- 10.10 Perspective cartography.- 10.11 Visualisaton of temporal information.- 10.12 Virtual reality.- 11: Image-based spatial information systems.- 11.1 Image-based information systems.- 11.2 Vertical aerial photography.- 11.3 Photogrammetric data collection.- 11.4 Recent technical advances.- 11.5 Photo interpretation.- 11.6 Orthophotos.- 11.7 Digital photogrammetry.- 11.8 Seamless aerial photography.- 11.9 Changing role of aerial photography in GIS.- 11.10 Remote sensing.- 11.11 Image analysis.- 11.12 Role of remote sensing.- 11.13 Integrated image-based systems.- 12: Multimedia and hypermaps.- 12.1 The multimedia concept.- 12.2 Multimedia data.- 12.3 Digital video.- 12.4 Sound.- 12.5 Animation.- 12.6 Hypertext concept.- 12.7 Hyperdocuments.- 12.8 Hypertext user interfaces.- 12.9 Hypermaps.- 12.10 Cartographic representation in multimedia.- 12.11 Integrated geo-based multimedia solutions.- Appendix A: Acronyms.- Appendix B: A summary of the main GIS and related software that has been developed for microcomputers.