Introduction. The Problematic: Territorial State, International Capital, and Uneven Industrial Development in Thailand

Dar es Salaam Tumaini University (DarTU), formerly known as Tumaini University, Dar es Salaam College (TUDARCo), in its strategic plan 2020/21 – 2024/25 focuses on innovation and entrepreneurship in the growth of developing nations like Tanzania, especially in creating an informed and responsible citizen by preparing students for personally rewarding and socially helpful jobs. This focus is rooted in its understanding on how entrepreneurship and innovation are crucial forces behind economic expansion. In achieving this, DarTU, through the School of Business Studies (SoBS), Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, established two courses; MGMT 225 Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development; and MGMT 311 Harnessing Entrepreneurship and an Innovators Mindset. These two modules are taught to students in all Schools at the University. One of the focus of this course is to enable students to come up with business proposals that promote environmentally-friendly business, to address the sustainable development goal (SDG) 8; Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Special focus was on target 8.1 Sustainable economic growth, and target 8.6 Promote youth employment, education and training. This paper presents the top five businesses that adequately focused on environmentally-friendly business. The paper employs a descriptive research design, and selects the top five, out of 205 business model canvases which focused on environmental sustainability. Businesses were rated according the Canadian Youth Innovation Fund (YIF) criteria for environmental inclusion in a business model canvas. A discussion follows the presentation, where it shows that these businesses, among other things, innovative ways of cleaning plastic waste, restore health to water ecosystem, create businesses that add value to waste and re-use paper instead of throwing it away after use. The study recommends other higher learning institutions to adapt the methods of teaching and including environmental aspects in teaching innovation and entrepreneurship courses to their students.

Successful industrialization since the early 1960s has changed South Korea from an agrarian economy to a highly industrialized one. As a result, in 2010, South Korea was ranked the 15th-largest economy in the world with a per capita income of $29,997, surpassing Italy and New Zealand (IMF 2011). Moreover, since it entered democratic transition in the mid-1980s, South Korea has become a ‘fully functioning modern democracy’ (CIA 2008). Based on these economic and political resources, South Korea is now regarded as entering the club of advanced countries and has been touted as a model case of successful economic development. But contrary to the popular image of sustained rapid economic growth, South Korea has suffered economic crises, not to mention cyclical downturns. Among others, the 1979-81 and the 1997-98 economic crises were the most acute. Gross domestic product (GDP) shrank, while inflation and unemployment soared. Income distribution deteriorated and poverty increased, but South Korea has successfully overcome them through a combination of swift economic reforms and social protection measures.

From a political standpoint, this study investigates the connection between Kautilyan economic theory and the modern idea of inclusive growth. In this research, I look at how Kautilya’s Arthashastra’s economic ideas offer an early theoretical foundation for comprehending social welfare, state-led development, and fair economic governance. Kautilya’s political economics exhibits a holistic worldview in which public welfare, administrative control, and economic prosperity are closely intertwined, while being developed in the setting of ancient Indian statecraft. Kautilya offers a model of governance that is highly compatible with contemporary discussions on equitable and sustainable development by highlighting the crucial role that the state plays in controlling markets, allocating resources, and guaranteeing the welfare of the populace. This essay contends that the Arthashastra’s tenets of equitable taxation, balanced economic regulation, agricultural assistance, and protection of disadvantaged populations foreshadow a number of fundamental concepts found in modern inclusive growth frameworks. This study demonstrates the ongoing significance of ancient Indian political thinking for contemporary policy discourse by a critical examination of Kautilya’s opinions on economic management, social justice, and welfare-oriented governance. I argue that Kautilya’s observations provide insightful intellectual material for reconsidering the connection between political power and economic growth in the twenty-first century. This study adds to a better understanding of how moral leadership and calculated governmental intervention might support equitable and sustainable economic growth by bridging the gap between ancient political economics and modern development theory.

This paper argues that economic inequality is one of the major causes of the current economic crises and provides some appropriate leadership strategies for solving them. Inequality is defined as unequal opportunities for economical activities among the people of a nation and among the nations of the world. The major cause of most current economic crises is the income and wealth inequality which are generated mainly by the economic growth. Leaders in the past and currently could not utilize appropriate strategies to solve the inequality problems and consequently the economic crisis grew and reached the current levels. In order to solve the current economic crises it is necessary to eliminate the economic inequality problems and establish fair and sustainable economic growth. The leadership strategies play crucial role for this process. These strategies included in this paper are establishing the local and global shared vision for all; balancing the income and wealth distribution; providing the equal opportunities for education and employment; sharing the production and consumption; and maintaining the fair and sustainable globalization and economic growth.

Space industry is worldwide a high-growth sector, that, despite the economic crisis, remained strategic for many countries. The European space industry is currently facing big challenges due to the new production of small and low-cost satellites, the recent exploitation of Big Data coming from space, and to the rise of private actors. This is a very exciting period, with the advent of new investors. In this framework, a more structured funding system, besides more pervasive international relations, could transform space industry, and more in general Space Economy, in a global driver for development. This paper analyses the recent available economic and employment data in Europe, with a focus on Italy, and shows, through several examples, the main beneficial impacts that space programmes can bring to the whole economic system, in terms of growth and high-quality job creation. The aim of the author is to demonstrate that space industry can be a useful tool to exploit in order to create economic growth and to achieve by 2030 the 8th SDG “Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all”.

Global economic developments are currently facing economic fluctuations and the climate change crisis, which demand a development approach that integrates growth with environmental sustainability. Although participation in Global Value Chains (GVCs) has become the backbone of the global economy, many countries, including Indonesia and most ASEAN countries, are still in upstream positions with high carbon intensity and low added value. This condition hinders sustainable economic growth and contributes to increased global emissions. This study aims to analyze how the position of the industrial sector in the GVCs can drive sustainable green economic growth. Using data from five ASEAN countries for the 2010–2023 period, this study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMMs) dynamic panel model to address the issues of endogeneity and individual heterogeneity. The results show that movements to upstream positions in GVCs, FDI, and political stability have a significant and positive impact on green economic growth. These findings highlight the need for tailored policies to encourage the development of green industries and improve global competitiveness.

In 1995, the Centre of Technology Assessment in Stuttgart, Germany, presented a paper on the innovation system of its home region, the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany. The paper predicted a dire economic future for Baden-Württemberg – which, up to that point, had been regarded as an economic success story and a model region. Close to ten years later, we are able to look again at the economic and political situation of the region and can compare the analysis of the mid-1990s with current conditions. The central thesis of the mid-nineties’ paper was that Baden-Württemberg was affected by a process of path dependent development which, although very successful in the past, would lead the region’s economy into a potential dead end street. A break away from the established paths of economic development was needed to guarantee future sustainable economic growth. Now (in 2003) we should be able to ask ourselves whether this analysis was correct. Has Baden-Württemberg in fact lost its leading position due to its concentration on established strengths or have significant changes taken place that altered the contours of the Baden-Württemberg model and made it more adaptive to changes in the world economy? Additionally, what role did regional policy play in this context? At first glance, Baden-Württemberg seems to be on the winning side again. In 1995 (especially with the most difficult year of 1993 in full view) all major economic indicators looked depressing. The performance of Baden-Württemberg was below the German average. In 2003, Baden-Württemberg is – in spite of a new economic crisis - along with neighboring Bavaria the economically most successful region within Germany. To understand, whether the case of Baden-Württemberg is an example of the rise of new approaches, a (successful) continuation of old practices, or a restructuring of these old practices, we do not seek simply to rekindle debate about whether regional policy can fundamentally change regional development paths, but to go beyond this by questioning and hopefully advancing underlying conceptual frameworks. In this chapter, we will first introduce the concept of path dependency, briefly review the main characteristics of the regional innovation system of Baden-Württemberg, outline the lock-ins that have been identified in the mid-nineties, look to what extent these lock-in effects have in fact been roadblocks for further developments and whether they have been removed. The main thesis of this chapter is that Baden-Württemberg’s success in the last years is the result of its staying “on–course.” The region has demonstrated its ability to introduce incremental reforms that combine old with new structural elements. This has been accomplished with the aid of crucial actors in the economic and political sectors who helped to change the guiding model of how to do things and who can be called “norm entrepreneurs.”

The Political Economy of Recent Economic Growth in India

As a multidimensional field, development encompasses a variety of disciplines and schools of thought. It has been evolving throughout history with different definitions and approaches being utilized and continues to evolve as new elements are integrated. The environmental and temporal dimensions gained significant prominence in the 21st century, therefore the concept evolved to be also frequently mentioned as sustainable development. The following definition was used during the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2015: “Sustainable development recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, combating inequality within and among countries, preserving the planet, creating sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and fostering social inclusion are linked to each other and are interdependent”. Political ecology is a scientific field closely connected to the development agenda, as its ultimate goal is to promote sustainable development. With a focus on participatory methods, stakeholder networks and root causes, it provides a systemic perspective to human-environment systems. Another important benefit is that it promotes the connection between science and policy-making. From the political ecology perspective, this paper analyses the Amazon Fund, an initiative implemented by the Brazilian Government in 2009 to promote sustainable development. In the following years after the implementation of the Amazon Fund, considerable decrease in deforestation was observed at the Brazilian part of the Amazon Forest, including a record low in 2012, indicating the effectiveness of the project. Among the main results, the paper calls for strengthened environmental governance, the promotion of adaptative and multilevel approaches to governance and data and information generation for sustainable development.

Food industry and engineering—Quo vadis?

This study investigates the economic role and spillover effects of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS), one of the key instruments for sustainable economic growth, in South Korea and the United States from 2010 to 2020. KIBS, comprising Technology-Intensive KIBS (T-KIBS) and Professional KIBS (P-KIBS), serve as critical drivers of innovation within organizations and economic systems, fostering long-term economic sustainability. To rigorously assess the economic spillover effects of KIBS in promoting sustainable economic growth, this study examines how its impact varies based on industrial structure, economic scale, and firms’ capacity to leverage KIBS effectively, while also identifying key structural differences across national contexts. The findings reveal that both countries exhibit a similar economic function for KIBS, with T-KIBS categorized as a “primitive final demand type” and P-KIBS as a “primitive intermediate demand type”. However, the economic spillover effects of KIBS were more stable in the U.S., whereas South Korea experienced greater fluctuations. In particular, South Korea’s P-KIBS had a more pronounced impact on the secondary sector, particularly manufacturing. As of 2020, the production-inducing effect of South Korea’s P-KIBS on the manufacturing sector was 39.1%, while its value-added-inducing effect stood at 27.0%, and its supply-shortage effect reached 50.9%. These values exceeded those of P-KIBS in the United States and generally surpassed the economic spillover effects observed for South Korea’s T-KIBS. Furthermore, the inter-industry linkage analysis suggests that KIBS plays a more significant role as a raw material input within the U.S. economic system. In 2020, the forward linkage effect of U.S. T-KIBS was 0.853, while that of U.S. P-KIBS stood at 2.116. These figures were higher than the forward linkage effects recorded for South Korea’s T-KIBS (0.635) and P-KIBS (1.590), underscoring the stronger integration of KIBS into the U.S. industrial structure. Additionally, the supply-shortage effects were more significant than other economic spillover effects in both countries, underscoring KIBS’ critical function as a key production input. These findings underscore the necessity of differentiated policies for fostering and supplying KIBS based on each country’s industrial structure and economic characteristics. Given its pivotal role in economic growth, this study emphasizes the need for a stable supply of KIBS to ensure continued productivity and value creation. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the necessity of fostering innovation within the T-KIBS sector, particularly in research and development, to enhance its contribution to financial and organizational innovation. By developing strategic policies tailored to national economic conditions, countries can maximize the economic benefits Cof KIBS and strengthen their long-term economic sustainability.

ABSTRACTThis article traces the historical evolution of worker cooperatives in South Korea from the years of Japanese colonialism to the current era. It argues that the evolution of the worker cooperative movement from radical agitation to state-sanctioned accommodation has been structured by the nature of state response to cooperative activity. Vigorously resisted by an authoritarian state from the colonial era until the late 1990s, the Korean worker cooperative movement before the 1997 economic crisis was ideologically radical, waging a class-based struggle to overcome poverty, resist the authoritarian state, and transform Korea’s economic foundations in socialist directions. Since democratization in 1987, and the Asian economic crisis in 1997, worker cooperative movements have gradually shifted their once transformational and politicized labor ontology to a deradicalized and more economically focused job-conscious ontology, partly as a result of the state-directed growth of civil society. The worker cooperative movement became less contentious as the state emerged as a collaborator of social economy initiatives. The gains won by radical worker cooperatives in opening space for pluralistic civil society in Korea in the 1980s and 1990s ultimately resulted in the depoliticization and re-incorporation of worker cooperative activists into a moderately reformed political economic system.

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of democratic and authoritarian systems of government in the context of newly independent states, using Maqashid Shariah theory as an analytical framework. Through a desk study and qualitative research, this research explores how the two systems support or hinder the process of national development, political stability, and the achievement of social and economic progress. The results show that democracy offers freedom, active participation of the people, and social justice that are in line with the principles of Maqashid Sharia. However, it also requires solid institutions and mature political awareness. On the other hand, authoritarian systems offer stability and security, but often at the expense of individual freedom and social justice in the long run. This research suggests that transitioning to democracy or integrating elements of both systems in a hybrid model can be a strategy to achieve a balance between stability and freedom, as well as inclusive and sustainable economic growth. In conclusion, in choosing and implementing a system of government, newly independent countries should pay attention to how the system can support the achievement of Maqashid Shariah's objectives, including the balance between government power and individual freedom, as well as promoting sustainable economic growth and social stability.

The neoclassical economic theory and the agglomeration economies literature completely overlook the importance of environmental and sustainability issues, so they cannot answer to the question whether economic sustained growth and environmental sustainability can be combined. In order to gain useful insights on the subject the principles of industrial ecology are considered. On the basis of the information gathered from the Micron and Alma c.i.s. case studies as well as of the criticalities associated with industrial symbiosis, the essay provides for some policy remarks.

During the 21st century, major social changes have occurred, such as technological development and the COVID-19 pandemic, along with war conflicts and economic crises, which have created refugee and migration flows. In addition, globally, by promoting social justice, efforts are made to combat any kind of discrimination and exclusion related to race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and gender identification. School is an organization alive and open to society, affected by every social change. Within this organization, the citizens of the future are formed. Social justice in school education contributes significantly to this, as it is a process in which teachers and students actively contribute to the formation of a democratic, inclusive environment. This study presents the theoretical approaches of social justice in education, emphasizing, however, the critical multicultural theory, as it delves into finding the most effective ways to eliminate social inequalities and exclusion.