Introduction: Rhetoricians on the Rhetoric of Science

This thesis focuses on the relationship between Thomas Hobbes and his one-time patron, Francis Bacon. It addresses the natural and civil histories and philosophies of the two thinkers. The study does not contain any extended treatment of Bacon and Hobbes' conception of rhetoric or theology, or their literary style. V The thesis comprises five chapters. Chapter 1 sets out the extant evidence for the personal relationship between the two thinkers. It also shows that Hobbes' knowledge of Bacon's works was extensive and that his interest in _ his texts was ongoing. Chapter 2 deals with Bacon and Hobbes' histories of learning. It argues that Hobbes consistently followed the contours of Bacon's history of knowledge. It also shows the way in which Hobbes assimilated details from the histories of other writers into this framework, and how he provided more naturalistic explanations of some of the central characters and motives in that history. The third chapter discusses Bacon and Hobbes' civil histories. This chapter explores the conception of history embodied in Hobbes' translation of Thucydides. It also addresses Hobbes' later church histories. In so doing it extends the analysis of the previous section in two ways. First, it traces Hobbes' conception of the history of philosophy back to Thucydides. Secondly, it shows how, especially in Hobbes' later church histmies, the factors that had led to the poverty of human science also posed dangers for the commonwealth. Chapter 4 deals with natural history and philosophy. Central to this chapter is the claim that Hobbes' assimilation of Euclid reflected a pre-existing commitment to a Baconian conception of the ends and justification of science. It also argues that Hobbes' two major discoveries of the 1630s and 1640s (as he saw them) were expressed in Baconian terms. Finally, the fifth chapter explores civil philosophy. I also explore Bacon and Hobbes' understanding of the passions and Hobbes' rejection of Bacon's doctrine of civil greatness. Throughout I have attempted to compare Bacon's mature position with Hobbes' philosophy at different stages of its development. The purpose of this thesis is not to claim that Hobbes' philosophy was essentially Baconian. Nor do I claim that Bacon, rather than Galileo, Harvey or Euclid, was Hobbes' pre-eminent interest. Rather, I argue that Bacon was one of a number of philosophers with whom Hobbes constructively and critically engaged. Consequently, I reject the thesis that Hobbes' thought was the antithesis of Bacon's, and the view that Hobbes soon forgot Bacon after reading Euclid and Galileo.

The concept of “critical science literacy” advanced by Susanna Priest is significant to how citizens approach scientific knowledge, but the concept is also relevant to undergraduate students majoring in the sciences, who are not necessarily becoming “critically literate” in their own disciplines. That is, future scientists are not learning how arguments are structured, meaning is made, and facts are agreed upon—specifically through communicative practices—both within and outside of the scientific community. This gap in the curriculum can be addressed through collaborative efforts between rhetoricians and sociologists of science. Drawing from three major disciplinary traditions—writing studies, the rhetoric of science, and science communication—this article posits that a pedagogical intervention is necessary to improve science communication with nonexpert publics. A science writing and communication course that is grounded in the rhetoric of science and that also has sociological, philosophical, and historical components can provide science students with a critical awareness of how their discipline operates in society and teach them how to become more responsible and effective communicators.

Notes on Contributors

Steve Fuller’s Knowledge is on the interplay of scientific knowledge and the human condition. Other than Fuller’s work, there is little discussion in the current literature in sociology of scientific knowledge, science and technology studies, sociology of science, philosophy of science, epistemology of science and analytic social epistemology on this interplay. The book provides provocative and controversial views on social epistemology of scientific knowledge in the history of epistemology which is construed widely as forms of knowledge in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. The breadth of Fuller’s book is very wide. The book has six chapters with each chapter on a different version of epistemology and its history. Chapter 1 is on cognitive economics, and Chapter 2 is on divine psychology. Chapters 3–5 are extended discussions of the application of divine psychology to psychology of science, philosophy of science and sociology of science, respectively. Chapter 6 is on counterfactual historiography. This review

The paper aims to describe language means of knowledge representation in naïve rhetoric. Scientific originality of the research involves identifying specificity of naïve rhetorical knowledge in comparison with scientific rhetoric. As a result of the study, the following distinctive features of naïve rhetorical knowledge are revealed: 1) prescriptiveness when transferring traditional knowledge, which is typical of proverbs; 2) untargeted verbal message; 3) use of prescriptive statements with evaluative predicates; 4) diversity of expressive means (sayings, antonyms, adverbial modifiers of manner, etc.) clarifying the information being transferred.

A New Handbook of Rhetoric: Inverting the Classical Vocabulary

Philosophy, Rhetoric, and Thomas Hobbes

been largely concerned with the style and format of formal technical reports, partly because Bacon's comments on style have had such an extraordinary influence, partly because rhetorical studies in this century have been slow to embrace those concerns usually thought to be properly the realm of the logician. Recently, however, many teachers of technical writing have become interested in certain of the earlier stages in the writing process, particularly audience analysis. This interest is justified by history as well as common sense. Bacon the rhetorician is still best remembered for

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Economists can reflect on their own field of research and themselves in a number of ways. The philosophy of science has long been the dominant way to reflect on the work of scientists, to be joined in more recent times by both the sociology of science and the rhetoric of science. In this paper I do not argue that these approaches are wrong, but I do argue that they should be complemented with a study of the individual scientist. A psychology of economists, in other words, is called for. One important theory in recent psychological literature (social learning/cognitive theory) is introduced as an instance to indicate what kind of suggestions concerning the reflective position of individual scientists might be derived. It would be preferable from this perspective that scientists set high standards for themselves, have an open mind to what happens in different disciplines, and set high standards by which to judge others. Then follows a discussion where some potential objections to the approach in general, or to the specific psychological theory in particular, are refuted.

This chapter discusses both academic and scientific discourse and practice as functioning parts of wider networks of communication, political, social, and so on. It considers several different research traditions that speak to important aspects of this functioning. This allows one to see the relation between academic and scientific texts as a problem involving a wide range of disciplines: linguistics and applied linguistics, rhetoric, rhetoric of science, sociology, sociology of science, psychology, social psychology, writing studies, technical communication, business communication, and so on. The chapter shows how the research traditions approach the two major problems. The first problem is describing the academic communities and their texts, and the relation between the two, as well as the scientific communities and their texts, and the relation between those two. The second problem is that of describing the relationship between the two communities through their texts. Keywords: academic texts; applied linguistics traditions; linguistic anthropology; rhetorical traditions; scientific texts; sociolinguistics traditions

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology is an annual research series which presents materials in two fields, both broadly considered: the history of economic thought and the methodology of economics. The annual A-volume contains peer-reviewed articles comparable to other academic journals in the history of economics, except that long pieces are welcome. The A-volume also publishes symposia, and review essays on new works in the history of economic thought, methodology and related fields (philosophy of science, sociology of science, rhetoric of science, and intellectual history), including multiple reviews of the same work. The annual B- and C-volumes are archival supplements that present previously unpublished materials -- lecture notes, papers, longer manuscripts, correspondence, etc.- of interest in both fields addressed in the A-vol.

The Present State of Scholarship in Historical and Contemporary Rhetoric, edited by Winifred Bryan Horner. Rev. ed. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1990; pp. x + 260.

Books Reviewed in this article:Revising Women: Eighteenth‐Century ‘Women's Fiction’ and Social Engagement. Edited by Paula R. BackscheiderCornélie, mère des Gracques. By Marie‐Anne Barbier. Edited by Alicia C. Montoya and Volker SchröderBruxellois à Vienne, Viennois à Bruxelles. Edited by Bruno BernardConflicting Visions: War and Visual Culture in Britain and France c.1730–1830. Edited by John Bonehill and Geoff QuilleyThe Nun. By Denis Diderot. Trans. by Russell Goulbourne. Oxford World's ClassicsThe Evangelical Conversion Narrative: Spiritual Autobiography in Early Modern England. By D. Bruce HindmarshLeviathan. By Thomas Hobbes. Edited by A. P. MartinichBritish Atlantic, American Frontier. Spaces of Power in Early Modern British America. By Stephen J. Hornsby‘More Solid Learning’: New Perspectives on Alexander Pope's Dunciad. Edited by Catherine Ingrassia and Claudia N. ThomasThe King's Wife. George IV and Mrs Fitzherbert. By Valerie IrvineJohn Buxton. Norfolk Gentleman and Architect: Letters to his Son, 1719–1729. Edited by Alan MackleyThe Origins of the English Novel, 1600–1740. 15th Anniversary Edition, with a New Introduction by the Author. By Michael McKeonThe Correspondence of John Arbuthnot. Edited by Angus RossThe London Mob. Violence and Disorder in Eighteenth‐Century England. By Robert ShoemakerThe ‘Scandalous Memoirists’: Constantia Phillips, Laetitia Pilkington and the Shame of ‘publick fame’. By Lynda M. ThompsonÆsthetics of Opera in the Ancien Régime, 1647–1785. By Downing ThomasLes Spectacles à Paris pendant la Révolution: Répertoire analytique, chronologique et bibliographique. Vol.2, De la proclamation de la République à la fin de la Convention nationale (21 septembre 1792–26 octobre 1795). By André Tissier.Catherine Trotter's ‘The Adventures of a Young Lady’ and Other Works. Edited by Anne KelleyRomantic Austen: Sexual Politics and the Literary Canon. By Clara TuiteVoltaire et sa ‘grande amie’. Correspondance complète de Voltaire et de Mme Bentinck (1740–1778). Edited by Frédéric Deloffre and Jacques CormierJane Austen and the Fiction of her Time. By Mary WaldronIn a Fast Coach with a Pretty Woman: Jane Austen and Samuel Johnson. By Gloria Sybil GrossLocke's Essay and the Rhetoric of Science. By Peter WalmsleyThe Lover as Father Figure in Eighteenth‐Century Women's Fiction. By Eleanor WikborgRecreating fane Austen. By John Wiltshire.At Zero Point: Discourse, Culture, and Satire in Restoration England. By Rose A. Zimbardo

This article analyzes, from the point of view of political science, the works of two famous English thinkers of the Renaissance period - Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Comparative textual analysis clearly shows that the political ideas of F. Bacon had a significant impact on the work of famous scientists of the modern European period, including the outstanding English thinker Thomas Hobbes. In addition to textual coincidences, the influence of F. Bacon on the work of T. Hobbes is well followed in methodology-in the generality of approaches, techniques, methods of practical and theoretical development of the subject of research. Their creative ideas and the results of research lie in the same scientific plan, since T. Hobbes systematized the anti-Scholastic teaching of his predecessor, perceived and developed views on man, his relationship with nature, society and power. In addition, T. Hobbes perceived the ideas of F. Bacon about the role of social harmony in ensuring political stability in the country and creatively applied them to the foundation of the historical significance of the consent of all people in the arrangement of political life and the formation of the state.