Introduction: personal documents and ephemera as sources for interdisciplinary Holocaust scholarship

Decades of research demonstrate the widespread nature of campus sexual violence and its negative impact on students’ well-being. Attention to the issue has increased significantly over the last several years with a focus on the responsibility of institutions of higher education to both respond to and prevent campus sexual violence. A key recommendation from multiple entities is the use of campus climate surveys, to help more accurately ascertain students’ victimization experiences, perceptions of the institution’s response, attitudes related to sexual violence, awareness of resources, and more. The recent Violence against Women Reauthorization Act of 2022 mandates the use of climate surveys for all institutions receiving federal funds. The science of constructing, implementing, and using campus climate surveys has evolved over recent years but there still remain several methodological issues. Social workers have an important role to play in the administration, analysis, and interpretation of campus climate surveys, and the work is aligned with the values expressed in the Social Work Code of Ethics and the Grand Challenge to Build Healthy Relationships to End Violence. This introduction describes the articles included in this special issue that will help advance our knowledge related to the measurement of forms of victimization that occur on college campuses, increase the usability and inclusivity of campus climate data, and ultimately, serve to inform the development of innovative intervention and prevention initiatives.

Although violence based on sexual orientation is now widely recognized as a serious problem in the United States, social science data concerning the prevalence and consequences of such crimes are limited. In the present study, questionnaire data about victimization experiences were collected from 147 lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (74 females, 73 males) in the Sacramento, CA area. In addition, 45 of the respondents participated in a follow-up interview. Forty-one percent reported experiencing a bias-related criminal victimization since age 16, with another 9.5% reporting an attempted bias crime against them. The distribution of bias-related victimization and harassment experiences in the sample resembled patterns reported in other U.S. surveys with similar samples. Compared to other respondents, bias-crime survivors manifested higher levels of depression, anxiety, anger, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Methodological and substantive issues in empirical research on hate crimes against lesbians and gay men are discussed.

Scientific research has explored the impact of violence during adulthood on psychopathology. Fewer efforts have been made from a positive theoretical framework, and no systematic evidence has been provided. This manuscript describes a literature review and meta-analysis on the relationship between victimization experiences and well-being in adulthood. A literature review was performed, and 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review 16 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded a medium and significant overall effect size (r = -0.309, p < .001), which indicated that greater victimization experiences partly explain lower well-being outcomes. A set of theoretical and methodological issues are discussed, specifically considering the conceptualization of victimization and well-being as well as the studies design, sample characteristics, measures, and data analysis. Derived from this integrative discussion, some recommendations are also provided for future research.

This article reflects upon my personal experiences of undertaking auto-ethnography on victimisation through wearing the Muslim veil in public. Wearing the veil was suggested by some of my respondents as a way to get insider knowledge of their own day-to-day experiences of victimisation. Here, I explore the emotional, psychological and physical impacts of being targeted because of my (perceived/adopted) Muslim identity. I discuss the advantages and disadvantages of covert auto-ethnographic research and consider the ethical challenges and practical difficulties of performing auto-ethnography. Also, I discuss the theoretical and methodological issues that arise from undertaking auto-ethnography as an insider/outsider when researching the targeted victimisation of veiled Muslim women. Finally, I discuss the usefulness and limitations of auto-ethnography as a method for understanding victimisation. I conclude that auto-ethnographic research into victimisation has great potential, although researchers need to be aware of some risks inherent in this approach and, thus, proceed with caution.

Victimization, both at home and at work, is a ubiquitous social issue that needs continued scholarly attention. While advances have been made in understanding the consequences of victimization, much work is needed to understand the phenomena from the victim and bystander’s perspectives. Through a collection of four papers, this symposium aims to broaden our understanding of victimization by 1) examining its occurrence both at work (i.e., sexual harassment) and at home (i.e., intimate partner aggression), 2) examining the role of bystanders in the victim’s experience of victimization, and 3) elaborating on the specific contextual and personal factors that facilitate, mitigate, and link victimization and work-related outcomes. The symposium also provides insights on current conceptual, methodological, and practical issues related to victimization research through an interdisciplinary review of the literature. Collectively, the four papers set the stage for further scholarship on victimization and the development of policies that help mitigate its negative effects at home and at work. Observing Customer Sexual Harassment, Empathy, and Bystander Helping: Ethical Ideology as Moderator Presenter: Yijue Liang; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: YoungAh Park; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Critical Conditions: Reactions to the Gender and Sexual Harassment of Female Surgeons Presenter: Jennifer Griffith; U. of New Hampshire Presenter: Kelsey Medeiros; U. of Texas At Arlington Intimate Partner Aggression and Work: An Interdisciplinary Review and Agenda for Future Research Presenter: Yaqing He; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Catherine Deen; Australian National U. Presenter: Heath Gregg; U. of Miami Presenter: Anne M. O'Leary-Kelly; U. of Arkansas Coping with Intimate Partner Aggression at Work: The Buffering Role of Career Adaptability Presenter: Catherine Deen; Australian National U. Presenter: Yueyang Chen; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Yaqing He; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Patrick Raymund Matutina Garcia; Macquarie U. Presenter: Peter Lemuel Teruel Cayayan; De La Salle U., Manila, Philippines

This article reflects on methodological and ethical issues that have shaped a collaborative project which aims to chart social, legal and political responses to child sexual abuse in England and Wales across the twentieth century. The etymological problem of searching for child sexual abuse in the historical archive is discussed, given that the term itself is a relatively recent one. Acknowledging that research tools will always be partial, it then focuses on the gaps and silences in the archive, most problematically in relation to the voices and experiences of victims and survivors themselves. Finally it discusses ethical issues relating to the naming or anonymising of those accused and convicted (as well as victims and survivors) in the writing up of research findings. The discussion focuses on two key periods – the 1920s and 1950s – and on education policy, including regulatory procedures for teachers in state and fee-paying schools.

As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed.

Methods of statistical analysis, in particular sample surveys to monitor implementation of the New Ukrainian School, are analyzed in the article. The topical issues that need to be addressed in evaluating secondary education reforms are outlined: the attitude of teachers belonging to all age categories to the reform of the New Ukrainian School, the accessibility and effectiveness of professional development courses, the readiness to develop new educational programs, and the material equipment of classrooms depending on the type of area (urban or rural). The aim of the article is to obtain relevant statistical data on education and sup up the experience of monitoring studies in education using a combination of statistical methods. The article is based on general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, comparisons, analysis of contingency tables, graphical method, etc. The correlation between the teacher’s age and his/her attitude to reform, the teacher’s training and retraining and his/her ability and desire to master new teaching methods, material support of the educational process and the type of area was analyzed. The hypotheses about the correlation of variables and the agreement of the respondents’ opinions were tested. The practice of implementing monitoring studies to meet the demands of administrations in analytical information on education is discussed. It is emphasized that more effective statistical and information technologies, forms and methods of statistical observations, including special and sample surveys, need to be used in statistical studies as an alternative to the traditional reporting. The need for elaborating methodological and organizational issues in plans of particular surveys with consideration to information support and advanced Internet, information &amp; communication and digital technologies is highlighted. The end result of the study is to obtain statistically reliable data for analysis which results will enable to formulate conclusions and recommendations for actors of the educational process. The produced information can be useful for education authorities as the basis for taking administrative decisions.

Medical errors may lead to patient harm and may also have a devastating effect on medical providers, who may suffer from guilt and the personal impact of a given error (second victim experience). While it is important to recognize and remedy errors, it should be done in a way that leads to long-standing practice improvement and focuses on systems-level opportunities rather than in a punitive fashion. Traditional peer review systems are score based and have some undesirable attributes. The authors discuss the differences between traditional peer review systems and peer learning approaches and offer practical suggestions for transitioning to peer learning conferences. Peer learning conferences focus on learning opportunities and embrace errors as an opportunity to learn. The authors also discuss various types and sources of errors relevant to the practice of radiology and how discussions in peer learning conferences can lead to widespread system improvement. In the authors' experience, these strategies have resulted in practice improvement not only at a division level in radiology but in a broader multidisciplinary setting as well. The online slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.

The current study investigated fear of crime and perceived risk of victimisation in a general population sample of gay and heterosexual men in the United Kingdom. 55 gay and 57 heterosexual men were recruited via opportunity sampling, in Manchester, north‐west England. They were required to complete a questionnaire asking about their fear of becoming a victim of several different types of crime, their perceived risk of victimisation, types of avoidance behaviours in which they partake, and experiences of crime.Results indicated that gay men had higher levels of fear and perceived risk of victimisation than heterosexual men, for most crimes tested. Avoidance of crime, and personal experience of victimisation significantly related to both fear of crime and perceived risk of victimisation. Risk of victimisation, being gay, previously having been victimised and experience of incivilities were highlighted as key factors predicting levels of fear.In conclusion, methodological issues and future research are considered.

Within the conceptual framework of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), data on higher education and the transition to work are collected by following about 18,000 students on their pathway from enrolment in the winter term 2010/2011 to the labor market (Starting Cohort First-Year Students). This article gives insights into methodological issues such as the study design, the challenges of web-based data collection, and survey participation. Furthermore, it describes the main research issues and gives an overview of the data collected so far, focusing on the measurement of subject-specific competencies, transitions (to/within higher education, to the labor market), learning environments in (pre-) doctoral programs, higher education graduates’ employment situation and work characteristics, family planning, and the special survey program for teachers and teacher candidates. In addition, it gives an overview of educational trajectories within the student cohort.

The author analyses the state of the shadow economy, informal employment and their trends based on differentstatistical calculation methodologies and survey data. The evaluation of the situation in Lithuania is based on the data of StatisticsLithuania, State Social Insurance Fund Board (SODRA), special surveys and results of statistical calculations. According to researchexperience, the methodological issues of evaluation of informal employment are discussed. Assiduous attention is paid to theevaluation and the scope of the shadow economy and the comparative analysis of informal employment issues in the EU. Whileassessing the trends in the shadow economy, the indicators from the research of different authors or institutions are compared usingdifferent calculation methods – to determine relative trends in the shadow economy.

German-British Jewish scholar, Dr Eva Gabriele Reichmann made significant contributions to the postwar historiography of the Holocaust, well before ‘Holocaust studies’ was established as a field. She was a prolific author on the history of antisemitism, German Jewish emancipation, and National Socialism; an early documenter of the experiences of Holocaust refugees, victims, and survivors; and a Jewish community activist within Germany during the rise of the Nazis and after her compulsory migration to England. Forced to leave Berlin in 1939 for London, Reichmann’s experiences as a German Jewish refugee woman devoted to communal defense, Jewish diaspora ‘as task,’ and interfaith dialogue shaped her work and intellectual legacy. Despite her publications and contributions to multiple fields, and although a contemporary of the renowned philosopher Hannah Arendt, her work as a producer of Holocaust knowledge has been neglected. This is in part due to her gender, her work outside the traditional academy, as well as the split between German (and German Jewish) historiography and Holocaust historiography. However, Reichmann’s contributions not only to scholarship on the political and cultural identity of German Jewry and National Socialist antisemitism but also to postwar Holocaust-related archives-building secure her rightful place in the historiography of the Holocaust.

Physical violence in intimate relationships affects men, women, and families worldwide. Although the body of research examining the experiences of male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) has grown, there have been few attempts to synthesize, compare, and contrast findings regarding the prevalence of male and female victimization. We examined research published in the last 10 years to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the prevalence of physical IPV victimization in heterosexual relationships. Our specific aims were to (a) describe the prevalence of physical IPV victimization in industrialized, English-speaking nations; and (b) explore study and sample characteristics that affect prevalence. Literature searches undertaken in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) identified 750 articles published between 2000 and 2010. We included 249 articles that reported 543 rates of physical IPV victimization in our review: 158 articles reported 318 rates for women, 6 articles reported 8 rates for men, and 85 articles reported 217 rates for both men and women. Most studies were conducted in the United States (k= 213, 85.5%) and almost half (k= 118, 47.4%) measured IPV using a Conflict Tactics Scale-based approach. Unweighted, pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for female and male victimization overall and by sample type, country, measurement time frame, and measurement approach. Across studies, approximately 1 in 4 women (23.1%) and 1 in 5 men (19.3%) experienced physical violence in an intimate relationship, with an overall pooled prevalence estimate of 22.4%. Analyses revealed considerable variability in rates as a function of methodological issues, indicating the need for standardized measurement of IPV.

Asking children and adolescents directly about their experience of sexual victimization overcomes some of the methodological weaknesses inherent in other approaches. Yet complex legal, ethical, and methodological issues remain. This paper reviews the psychometric properties of those questions or instruments that have measured exposure to child sexual abuse directly. A search of four electronic databases using descriptors “child sexual abuse” and “measurement” or “instrumentation” yielded four telephone administered tools, 13 face-to-face interviews, and 32 self-administered questionnaires. Few instruments had been subjected to rigorous evaluation. Establishing the validity and reliability of instruments measuring child sexual abuse and other forms of victimization are critical for the growth and expansion of the field.