Introduction: Drugs and the Industrial Situation: Opium, Coca, Cannabis, Cocaine, Morphine, and Heroin in Modern Times

Aim. To describe the distinctive features of the ancient scientific and technological revolution, which remained throughout its unfolding, and to reveal the reasons for the formation of the unique scientific and technological revolution in Ancient Greece.Methodology. The methods of discursive analysis, logical-semantic analysis, content analysis, philosophical comparative studies, and factual proof are used.Results. The factual proofs of the deployment of the unique scientific and technological revolution in the ancient society are presented. Brief characteristics of the distinctive features of the scientific and technological revolution in Ancient Greece are given. The reasons of the formation of the unique scientific and technological revolution in ancient Greece are revealed.Research implications. The results of the study allow us to substantiate the reasons for the boom of science and technology. The author indicates the need to reconsider the main economic and political processes of European, Russian and world history.

This article examines various aspects of the scientific and technological revolution in the USSR in the post-war period, characterizing its essence and its main directions. The author views the scientific and technological revolution as a specific stage of scientific and technological progress accompanying human development during the widespread introduction of large-scale machine production and the development of its energy base and technologies. The author notes that during this period, its main directions emerged and developed: automation of production and the introduction of industrial robots, monitoring and control of production processes based on electronics, the creation and application of new materials, the development of biotechnology, the use of new energy sources, etc. The scientific and technological revolution contributed to a reduction in industrial production costs and an increase in labor productivity. Based on specific examples, the author concludes that the various directions of the scientific and technological revolution cannot proceed synchronously; there can be significant time gaps between them, primarily due to technical and organizational factors — limited resources, including capital investment, and often significant lead times for the development and implementation of new technologies. It is also noted that the essence and specific characteristics of the scientific and technological revolution lay in a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the environment, namely, a sharp increase in the potential for human intervention. The primary goal of the scientific and technological revolution in the USSR was to increase production efficiency, including improving the consumer properties of products and reducing production costs. The exceptionally great potential for intensifying Soviet industry was associated with the use of computers and principles of production optimization at various levels.

Currently, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has undergone rapid development. The intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) industry is also facing the unprecedented opportunity for development. Major developed countries and regions like the U.S., Europe and Japan have all issued a series of strategies and policies to support the development of ICVs. This paper mainly summarizes the industry situation, policy environment and the key focus areas of industry management regarding the development of ICVs abroad. Combined with the situation in China, it puts forward suggestions about the formulation of relevant policies in China from the four aspects of top-level planning, infrastructure construction, testing and verification, and safety supervision to promote the healthy development of the ICV industry.KeywordsICVsIndustry situationPolicy environment

We are told by the powerful that we live in, or are about to live in, a Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Seemingly, this revolution is about deep-seated, rapid, digitally powered techno-scientific change. It is the age of smart machines; it is a new information technology (IT) revolution. However, in this article I suggest that examination of the history of technologies that are often held up to be proof of the 4IR, in fact shows that there is no contemporary technological revolution. The research methodology that I employ here is conceptual analysis and a focused review of literature on the history of particular technologies. An industrial revolution, as its three historical instances have demonstrated, is the fundamental transformation of every aspect of industrial society, including its geopolitical, cultural, macro-social, micro-social, economic and technological strata. It certainly entails a technological revolution, but it is more than just that. In this article, I am not concerned with the broader ensemble of socio-economic changes – it seems increasingly clear that the ‘brave new world’ of the 4IR is not really happening – but simply ask the question: is there currently a technological revolution? The answer seems to be that there is not. Significance: The significance of this study is that it challenges the mainstream notion of technological innovation and change, associated with the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’. It has implications for the way we think about technological and scientific revolutions.

This research is aimed at identifying the indicators and criteria of modernization of the economy in the light of the scientific and technological revolution. The indicators of social and economic development of Russia and the most developed countries of the world: United States, Japan, United Kingdom, France and Italy were compared in the process of the study. The research methodology itself is based on a system approach that combines the methods of induction, deduction, comparative analysis, identification of the general, the special and the particular, etc. Various ratings, statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and its local offices, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the content from the Internet were used as an information base; author’s own estimates. The basic results of research are as follows: the relevance of the development of criteria for modernization of the economy in the light of the scientific and technological revolution and modernization models has been revealed. It has been found that depending on whether modernization occurs on the basis of the scientific and technological revolution or on the basis of evolutionary changes, modernization can be either evolutionary or revolutionary. it has been proved that modernization is based on innovations, the ultimate goal of which consists in improving resource efficiency. Criteria for modernization of any economic system, which are relevant both for the scientific and technological revolution and for evolutionary modernizations, have been defined.

From Europe have come the dynamic forces which make the history of the United States. Westward migration, beginning in prehistory in the heartlands of Asia, has filled the American continent and reached its great climax in the early years of this century. The immediate impetus for migration came from the great increase of European population in modern times. The philosophy of America derives from that European rationalistic and scientific revolution which has transformed the modes of thought in every aspect of human life. The economy of America is that produced by the European revolution in technology, industry and communications. The political system of America derives in part from English constitutionalism and in part from the European revolt against the ancien regime which has overthrown traditional authority, dissolved social hierarchies, and substituted utility for religion as the ultimate standard in human relations. In America, as in Europe, the city has triumphed over the countryside and produced an urbanized civilization with consequences still uncertain; in America, as in Europe, the power of central government has grown and mass democracy threatens to submerge both individualism and local autonomy.

Partindo do conceito de paradigmas tecno-econômico desenvolvido por Freeman e Perez (1988) e pela articulação entre o capital produtivo e financeiro (Perez, 2002) na consolidação de cada Revolução Tecnológica associada, este ensaio articula inovação e bolhas financeiras. Nas quatro primeiras Revoluções Tecnológicas – Era da Mecanização; Era do Vapor e das Ferrovias; Era da Engenharia Pesada, Aço e Eletricidade; e Era do Óleo, Automóvel e Produção em Massa – o capital financeiro foi responsável pela especulação econômica relacionada às inovações e à construção de uma nova infraestrutura industrial. O capital produtivo assumiu a liderança da construção da infraestrutura industrial a partir da forte especulação e do descolamento dos preços dos ativos da economia real, isto é, a partir da geração de uma bolha financeira. Diferentemente, a quinta Revolução Tecnológica – Era da Microeletrônica – alterou a dinâmica das Revoluções Tecnológicas anteriores: a financeirização da economia modificou a lógica da relação entre o capital produtivo e o capital financeiro. Em outras palavras, o capital produtivo não se sobrepôs ao capital financeiro, o que pode ser explicado por profundas transformações estruturais.

The subject of the study is the legal positions of Soviet scholars on the issues of the scientific and technological revolution and its impact on public administration. The aim of the research is to analyze Soviet theory of the scientific and technological revolution and its influence on public administration. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the necessity to consider the principle of continuity of scientific knowledge. The author argues the hypothesis that contemporary theory of digitalization in public administration largely relies on the conclusions of Soviet scholars regarding the influence of scientific and technological progress on management processes in the state. The article examines variants of the correlation between the concepts of information, legal regulation, and public administration in legal research during the Soviet period. These and other positions of domestic scholars became the legal foundation of the modern theory of digitalization in public administration. The research methods employed include comparative analysis, historical analysis, methods of systematization and classification, and methods of legal formalization. The main conclusions of the author are theses about the contribution of domestic legal scholars from the Soviet period to the development of the concept of the scientific and technological revolution and its impact on public administration. Based on the conducted analysis of Soviet legal literature, the author proposes a correlation between Soviet approaches to the automation of management processes and modern trends in the development of the concept of digitalization in public administration. Conclusions are drawn about the Soviet version of the correlation of the concepts of information, law, and public administration. A thesis is proposed about understanding the nationwide automated management system as a prototype of modern digital ecosystems in public administration. Attention is drawn to the significance of the responsibility of public administration bodies for the decisions made in the context of automation of management processes. The novelty of the study lies in the assessment of the significant contribution of Soviet scholars to the formation of the theory of digitalization in public administration.

Ecosystem coupling: A unifying framework to understand the functioning and recovery of ecosystems

1. At present, problems arising from the new scientific revolution, the technological revolution, and the industrial revolution are being discussed at home and abroad. An upsurge in studying the prospects of scientific and technological development, economic development, and social development in China and the world is occurring in theoretical circles. We philosophical workers should also give necessary attention and concern to this situation.

Critical responses by Marwala and Ntlatlapa challenged Moll's refutation of a contemporary technological revolution as a necessary but not sufficient stratum of a Fourth Industrial Revolution (S Afr J Sci. This rejoinder suggests that they work with loose criteria about what counts as a 'revolution', and therefore confuse the character of industrial, scientific and technological revolutions. Therefore, their defence of the existence of a new, contemporary technological revolution, and a related economic, social and geopolitical revolution, rests on shaky conceptual ground. Neither the pandemic nor an unprecedented fusion of technologies has produced a 'Fourth Industrial Revolution'.

The revolution in science and technology poses serious problems for the practice of educating the new human being. By accelerating many times the development of the forces of production, the revolution in science and technology leads to the appearance of new skills and professions and reduces the need for a number of others. This means that we must, even now, prepare our young people for conditions of life not yet in existence and that we often inadequately foresee. Such a situation is unique in human history.

Dostępność potencjałowa regionów w Europie - zasięg przestrzenny, długość podróży i efekt granicy (EU-ROAD-ACC) = Potential accessibility of European regions : spatial reach, travel duration and the border effect (EU-ROAD-ACC)

present scientific and technical revolution is the object of the unflagging attention of all mankind, which has come face to face with the reality of its enormous impact on the fate of people and the material and social conditions of their lives. communique of the International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties states: The scientific and technical revolution presents mankind with unprecedented possibilities for transforming nature, for the creation of enormous material wealth, and for increasing man's creative abilities. And further on: The broad development of the scientific and technical revolution, which has become one of the principal sectors in the historical competition between capitalism and socialism, is an important condition to the development of socialist society.

En la literatura económica, sociológica y sobre desarrollo científico y tecnológico han aparecido desde la década de 1960 las nociones de revolución científica y tecnológica y de sociedad postindustrial, generalmente asociadas. Este artículo examina el antecedente de la revolución industrial y las diversas interpretaciones que ha tenido. Se reseñan los textos de Daniel Bell, Radovan Richta y varios autores soviéticos sobre estos temas para sugerir que abundan formulaciones confusas, las cuales han servido para promover la ideología del reformismo y de la supuesta extinción de los conflictos de clase, y para señalar que las predicciones de varios autores al respecto no se han verificado. Es probable que las dificultades para definir la supuesta revolución científica y tecnológica no sean casuales, sino que se deriven de una falta de análisis de la historia de la tecnología. Se propone plantear por separado las nociones de “revolución científica”, “revolución tecnológica” y “revolución científica y tecnológica”, y no hacer afirmaciones totalizadoras <em>a priori</em>, sino examinar la compleja relación entre ciencia y tecnología en determinados campos del conocimiento y de la producción.