Intraoperative Transcranial Doppler Monitoring Predicts the Risk of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Carotid Endarterectomy

Abstract

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a rare but serious complication following carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of this study was to identify intraoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) hemodynamic predictors of CHS after CEA. Between January 2013 and December 2018, intraoperative TCD monitoring was performed for 969 patients who underwent CEA. The percentage increase in the mean velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCAV%) at 3 postdeclamping time points (immediately after declamping, 5minutes after declamping, and after suturing the skin) over baseline was compared between CHS and non-CHS patients. CHS was diagnosed in 31 patients (3.2%), including 11 with intracranial hemorrhage. The MCAV% values at the 3 postdeclamping time points over baseline were 177% (81%-275%), 90% (41%-175%), and 107% (55%-191%) in the CHS group, significantly higher than those in the non-CHS group (40% [14%-75%], 15% [1%-36%], and 18% [3%-41%], respectively, all P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the 3 intraoperative MCAV% parameters all had excellent accuracy in identifying CHS (areas under the curve: 0.854, 0.839, and 0.858, respectively, all P<0.001). The predictive value of the model consisting only of preoperative parameters was significantly increased by adding the intraoperative TCD hemodynamic parameters (area under the curve: 0.747 vs. 0.858, P=0.006). Multivariate analyses identified the intraoperative MCAV% immediately after declamping (odds ratio: 9.840, 95% confidence interval: 2.638-36.696, P<0.001) as an independent predictor of CHS. Our results indicate that intraoperative TCD monitoring helps predict CHS after CEA at an early stage.