Abstract
Background: The most common cause of liver illness in pregnancy is intrahepatic cholestasis (IHCP). It has a varying incidence due to geographic variance; factors such as advanced age, multiple pregnancy, family history, and previous pregnancy cholestasis have demonstrated a higher prevalence in these patients. Cholestasis in pregnancy has an aetiology that is currently unknown. It usually occurs after ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in early pregnancy and coincides with growing oestrogen levels in the second half of pregnancy [1]. The ABCB4 gene mutation is largely associated in a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, where disease clustering in first-degree relatives increases hereditary predisposition. Itchy palms and soles with elevated liver enzymes and bile acids are the most common symptoms. Some of the reported maternal problems in these patients include preterm labour, HELLP syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and postpartum haemorrhage [2]. There are no precise antenatal foetal monitoring tests that can predict foetal fatalities in the womb. To reduce perinatal death with expectant treatment beyond this gestation, it is recommended that a pregnancy be terminated near 36–37 weeks of pregnancy.
Highlights
Pruritus and an increase in blood bile acid concentrations characterise intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), which often develops in the late second and/or third trimester and resolves quickly after birth
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is most frequent in the third trimester of pregnancy, but it can start at any time
The origins of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy are unknown, they are thought to be produced by a combination of genetics and environment
Summary
Pruritus and an increase in blood bile acid concentrations characterise intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), which often develops in the late second and/or third trimester and resolves quickly after birth. Itching is a frequent pregnancy symptom that affects about 23% of women [3]. The majority of women with this syndrome experience itching without a rash throughout the third trimester (but it can occur as early as week seven). Itching is most commonly found on the palms of hands and soles of feet, but it can occur everywhere on the body [5,6]. Less frequently used: Stools that are lighter in weight, The time it takes for blood to coagulate has increased (due to possibly associated vitamin K deficiency), Fatigue, Nausea has increased, Appetite decreases, Jaundice is a type of jaundice that occurs (less than 10 percent of women), Pain in the upper right quadrant [7]
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