Intimacy and the gendering of war healthcare: women’s experiences of insurgency war in Nepal (1996–2006)

Assimilating Traditional Healing Into Preventive Medicine Residency Curriculum.

Race and Science in Global Histories

This chapter explores the British experience of leadership in irregular warfare throughout the past century. It discusses an unparalleled and vast experience of irregular war, including South Africa, Ireland, the mandates of Mesopotamia and Palestine, India, Egypt, the colonies of Malaya, Kenya, Cyprus and Aden, Borneo, Dhofar, Northern Ireland,and now Iraq and Afghanistan. The chapter focuses on the role of leaders, both political, military and police leaders. Regarding definitions, much time and effort has been spent in attempting to distinguish between insurgency, terrorism, disorder, rebellion and wars of national liberation. The chapter simply emulates Colin Gray and stick to irregular war as opposed to regular war in reference to the above conflicts. It focuses on the British Way in countering irregular war on grounds that it is unique, reflecting upon British culture, educational system, religion, rule of law tradition and liberal democracy, open to scrutiny by a free press. Keywords: British leadership; Colin Gray; irregular warfare; Palestine

India's tribal population, comprising 104.3 million people from 705 ethnic groups, faces significant health disparities, particularly in rural areas with limited access to healthcare. Traditional tribal healers serve as primary healthcare providers to tribal communities and indigenous populations, utilizing local flora, minerals, and culturally significant practices. Despite their importance, these practices are increasingly at risk due to the shift towards modern medicine. This scoping review aims to map existing literature on traditional tribal healing practices and their integration into the healthcare system, highlighting benefits, challenges, and areas for future research. This scoping review protocol will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and cover literature from January 2000 to May 2025. A systematic search will be conducted across key databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and gray literature sources, such as government reports and other relevant sources of information from government websites in India. Data will be extracted and analyzed to assess prevalence, geographical distribution, types of traditional healers, and their healthcare practices. The review will explore the role of healers in the community, various treatment modalities, and the integration of these practices with modern healthcare systems. Findings will be presented in narrative, tabular, and diagrammatic formats. By mapping the available evidence, researchers can identify areas requiring further investigation and design new studies. The review will provide a comprehensive understanding of traditional tribal healer practices, emphasizing the need to safeguard indigenous knowledge and ensure the integration of best traditional healing practices into the modern healthcare system for better healthcare outcomes in tribal communities, particularly in remote areas.

Violence is a known driver of HIV vulnerability among transgender (trans) women, who are disproportionately impacted by HIV globally. Violence is also a barrier to accessing HIV prevention, treatment, and support. Yet, little is known about the everyday experiences of violence faced by trans women living with HIV, who live at the intersection of a marginalized gender identity and physical health condition. To address this gap, this study draws on semi-structured, individual interviews conducted 2017-2018 with a purposive sample (selected based on diverse identities) of trans women living with HIV (n = 11) participating in a large, community-based cohort study in three Canadian provinces. Framework analysis was used to identify key themes, patterns within themes between participants, and patterns across themes among participants. Findings showed that trans women living with HIV experience specific contexts of violence shaped at the intersection of stigma based on gender identity, gender expression, and HIV status, among other identities/experiences. Violence experienced in childhood (e.g., familial rejection, bullying) increased trans women's likelihood of being exposed to a violent social context in young adulthood (e.g., state violence perpetuated by the police, interpersonal violence perpetuated by sexual partners, and community violence perpetuated by society-at-large/the general public), which increased trans women's HIV vulnerability; once living with HIV trans women were subjected to discursive violence from healthcare providers. These multiple forms of violence have serious consequences for trans women living with HIV's ongoing social, mental, and physical well-being. The findings suggest that interventions are urgently needed to reduce violence against trans women in childhood and young adulthood, in addition to reducing violence against trans women living with HIV perpetuated by healthcare providers in adulthood, to both proactively and responsively promote their safety, health, and well-being.

Background: While both public health entities and primary care play key roles in health promotion and prevention, complex challenges, such as lack of role clarity, gaps in governance and coordination, and resource constraints hinder health system integration efforts. Approach: We aim to explore opportunities to facilitate integration across public health and primary care for health promotion and prevention initiatives in Alberta. The study aim was informed through consultation with public health and primary care staff, leadership, and providers. Patient Co-Investigators play an important role in carrying out the following objectives:. Examine the landscape of public health and primary care integration internationally through an environmental scan. We identified factors influencing integration efforts between public health and primary care for health promotion and prevention initiatives in the academic and grey literature.2. Identify policy, system, and individual-level barriers and facilitators for integrating efforts in Alberta through qualitative interviews with public health and primary care staff, leadership, and providers. Interviews were conducted with patients and caregivers to understand their experiences with receiving care and support for health promotion and prevention. Results: This study is in progress, with Objectives and 2 underway. Preliminary findings from Objective include the identification of 72 initiatives across 6 countries, with two multi-country initiatives. System-level (macro) initiatives (e.g., pandemic response or national service coordination) accounted for 27% of initiatives. Organizational-level (meso) initiatives comprised 24% of initiatives (e.g., interdisciplinary care teams). Patient-provider-level (micro) initiatives were described in 49% of initiatives, including integrated behavioral health initiatives (e.g., health promotion education). To date, we interviewed 0 public health and primary care staff, leaders, and providers, and 5 patients and caregivers. Key factors influencing implementation of integration identified from Objectives and 2 include: shared vision/goals around health promotion and prevention, clarity around organizational and provider roles and responsibilities, differences in organizational/professional cultures, quality of relationships and partnerships (co-design as an important facilitator), financial compensation/reimbursement for integrated models, the need for governance, organizational structures, and processes for data sharing to support collaboration, and availability of staff. Patients and caregivers identified family doctors as a critical support for their health promotion and prevention goals, while other healthcare providers can also play an important role (e.g. pharmacists). Patients and caregivers emphasized the need for accessible, trusting, person-centred, and culturally sensitive care. Patients and caregivers reported needing to advocate for themselves; they want the system to provide accessible and reliable information. Implications: Based on the findings from Objectives and 2, we will conduct a consensus workshop with public health and primary care leaders, healthcare providers, and patients to co-design solutions towards health system integration in Alberta. These solutions need to address patient and caregiver needs regarding health promotion and prevention, including addressing system-level gaps to address issues related to accessibility of information and coordination of services. This project aligns with ongoing provincial initiatives to improve patient experiences and outcomes, and can provide practical guidance for strengthening integration efforts between public health and primary care organizations in Alberta.

Indonesia has a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB), despite the successful introduction of the directly observed treatment short-course strategy (DOTS strategy). DOTS depends on passive case finding. It is therefore important to identify determinants of patient delay and reasons for visiting a DOTS healthcare provider when seeking care. The aim of this study was to assess these determinants in TB suspects (coughing for at least 2 weeks). Cross-sectional data were gathered with a structured questionnaire in which psychosocial determinants were based on an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The study was conducted in five governmental lung clinics of Yogyakarta province. In total, 194 TB suspects that registered at the lung clinics were interviewed. The median patient delay was 14 days (range 0-145). Ordinal regression analyses showed that visiting a private healthcare provider when first seeking health care, reporting travel distance/travel time as reason for choosing a certain healthcare provider when first seeking health care, discussing the symptoms with family and a reported short travel time, but no factors of TPB, were significantly associated with a shorter patient delay. An important factor negatively associated with visiting a DOTS clinic was the reported travel time. Accessibility of the healthcare provider was the main determinant of patient delay, but the role of psychosocial factors cannot be fully excluded. Urban and suburban areas have relatively good access to (private) health care, hence the short delay. Thus, future studies should be focussed on extending the DOTS strategy to the private sector.

Throughout the American Civil War, both Union and Confederate forces engaged in guerrilla warfare throughout the border states. With the emergence of this activity, non-combatants often found themselves as the principal targets; particularly in regard to hostage-taking. Both sides engaged in this practice for a variety of reasons, however, for the newly formed state of West Virginia, the taking of hostages became crucial for the survival of the state. In The Governor’s Pawn, Randall S. Gooden—native of West Virginia and professor of history at Clayton State University—illustrates the unique hostage policy adopted by West Virginia and how it proved vital in the state’s experience in the Civil War.

This article considers the role the Soviet Union's western borderlands annexed during World War II played in the evolution of Soviet politics of empire. Using the Baltic Republics and Western Ukraine as case studies, it argues that Sovietization had a profound impact on these borderlands, integrating them into a larger Soviet polity. However, guerrilla warfare and Soviet policy-making indirectly led to these regions becoming perceived as more Western and nationalist than other parts of the Soviet Union. The Baltic Republics and Western Ukraine differed in their engagement with the Western capitalist world. Different experiences of World War II and late Stalinism and contacts with the West ultimately led to this region becoming Soviet, yet different from the rest of the Soviet Union. While the Soviet West was far from uniform, perceived differences between it and the rest of the Soviet Union justified claims at the end of the 1980s that the Soviet Union was an empire rather than a family of nations.

It is apparent that the laws of war (by which I mean both the law protecting prisoners, sick and wounded, and civilians under the control of a belligerent on the one hand, and the law governing the conduct of hostilities on the other) are in large part old and in considerable part obsolete. The. Geneva Conventions of 1949, the most recent major international instruments in diis field, cover the protection of prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and civilians in occupied territory. But they reflect the experience of World War II, and their applicability to more recent types of warfare is not always easy. Civil wars, mixed civil and international conflicts, and guerrilla warfare in general all raise problems under those conventions. Moreover, all too often nations refuse to apply the conventions in situations where they clearly should be applied. Attempts to justify such refusals are often based on differences between the conflicts presently encountered and those for which the conventions were supposedly adopted. Other aspects of the laws of war, except for the use of poison gas and bacteriological weapons (which were the subjects of the 1925 Geneva Gas Protocol), and the protection of cultural property (the subject of a 1954 Convention), have been left untouched since the Hague Conventions of 1907. The expansion of military objectives and changes in weaponry and fire power have increased many fold the vulnerability of noncombatants. The law has not developed apace.

PART I Early Encounters: From the Colonial Era to the Mexican-American War 1. So necessary that we could not hold the country without them: Indian and Colonial Military Cooperation in the Colonial Southeast Julie Anne Sweet 2. African Americans and the American Revolution Michael Lee Lanning 3. Race and Republicanism: Understanding the Mindset of the Mexican War Soldier Richard Bruce Winders PART II All for the Union or All for Dixie?: Minority Service throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction 4. The Debate before the Fight: Black Northerners and the Question of Enlistment Brian Taylor 5. Warriors or Soldiers?: Native American Combatants in the Civil War West Clarissa W. Confer 6. We Did Duty as Men Should: African Americans in the Civil War David J. Williams 7. Race and Irregular Warfare on the Trans-Mississippi Border, 1861-1865 Matthew Stith 8. Bottom Rail on Top: Black Union Soldiers in the Army of Occupation, 1865-67 Don Shaffer 9. Our Brave and Ever to Be Remembered The Contested Legacy of Black Union Military Service in the Post-Civil War South Paul Coker PART III From Empire to Ridding the World of Tyranny: Race, Mythology, Culture and War during the early Twentieth Century 10. From Black Regulars to Buffalo Soldiers: The Emergence of a Legend Frank Schubert 11. Are Not My Men the Same?: Race, Ethnic Identity, and Pawnee Indian Military Service During the Indian Wars Mark van de Logt 12. Buffalo Soldiers in Africa: African American Officers in Liberia, 1910-1942 Brian G. Shellum 13. Only America Left Her Negro Troops Behind: The African American Military Experience in the First World War John Morrow, Jr. 14. Of Codes and Culture: The Navajo Experience in World War II Robert S. McPherson 15. Nisei Who Said No: Japanese American Draft Resistance in World War II Eric Muller PART IV Race, the Military, and the American Century: Post World War II Politics, Racial Desegregation of the military, the African American Vietnam Experience, and Latino service in the Armed Forces 16. `The Veterans' Angle': Ninety-third Division Ex-GI Vasco Hale, Disability, and the NAACP's Struggle for Fair Housing and Power in Post-World War Two Hartford, Connecticut Robert Jefferson, Jr. 17. The Political, the Personal, and the Cold War: Harry Truman and Executive Order 9981 Geoffrey W. Jensen 18. The Navy's Search for Black Officers through ROTC and The Edge of Institutional Change Isaac W. Hampton II 19. African Americans and the Vietnam War Era James Westheider 20. The Right to Bear Arms: Enlisting Chicanos into the U.S. Military, 1940-1980 Steven Rosales

In this paper, female sex workers tell stories of their interactions with health care providers (HCP) in four cities in the Republic of Ireland. While Irish society has made great progress in listening to the sexual stories of women that were historically silenced (e.g. stories of abortion, sexual abuse), sex workers have not benefited from this new climate. Regularly silenced by parliamentarians and non-governmental organisations who speak upon their behalf, sex workers are consigned within a narrative of victimhood and coercion. This paper draws from a participant action research study conducted in 2019–20 and explores women’s motivations in whether to disclose their sex work, and the strategies deployed to conceal it while seeking access to sexual health care. These strategies included traveling beyond their own communities for health care and STI home testing. The paper identifies women, particularly, migrants who felt their precarious position made it impossible for them to be truthful about their sex work to health care providers, exposing them to greater health risk. The paper understands this marginality within a context of structural violence where sex worker health is shaped by institutional power relations creating unequal health outcomes but is also challenged by stories of solidarity.

Reviewed by: Borderlands Curanderos: The Worlds of Santa Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo by Jennifer Koshatka Seman Spencer Dew Jennifer Koshatka Seman, Borderlands Curanderos: The Worlds of Santa Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2021) "Un Problema Para La Medicina"—"A Problem for Medicine"—ran one headline about curandera Teresa Urrea in the last decade of the nineteenth century. The phrase offers a useful entry point to this book, which approaches the healing practices of Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo as medicine "from below," treating "ethnic Mexicans and Indigenous people faced with increasingly oppressive, exclusionary, and violent state power" (11). Reading the reception of these curanderos—by various factions of supporters as well as critics—Seman shows how borderlands healing practices troubled conceptions of medicine and modernity, race and national identity, even state power and capitalist logic (4). Seman reveals curanderismo to be a dynamic cultural practice and a transatlantic product as much as a New World indigenous one (with roots in Greek, Arabic, and European concepts, too), and situates shifting understandings of curanderismo within broader changes in thinking about "science" and "medicine" (from understandings of the body's electricity or magnetism to beliefs in the scientific nature of spiritualism to theories of "tropical medicine" used to justify colonialist exploitation). Neither medicine nor religion exists in isolation from state power and social structures that seek to categorize and contain, as Seman shows with impressive finesse and with a clear articulation of context that [End Page 131] allows non-experts and undergraduates to understand the historical importance of Porfirista intellectuals in exile or the Catarino Garza Rebellion. Indeed, what is most striking about the two figures Seman focuses on is how central they can be to many historical debates and trends—and how protean they are to their varied audiences. Urrea—depending on who one asked—was a curandera, an espiritista medium, a critic of Catholic leadership, and a "sad-eyed Mexican girl" whose "lovely, slender" hands were fetishized by the press (65). She was also Santa Teresa, the "Mexican Joan of Arc" who inspired an uprising of indigenous Yaqui, and, from the US side of the border, the author of revolutionary tracts against the Mexican government. As an example of the multiple and entangled roles assumed and imposed upon Urrea, the Mexican journal that published "Un Problema Para La Medicina" was a Spiritist journal, and the article's author, an American Spiritist and medical doctor, intended the headline as a celebratory note. He argued that Urrea, like various other historical faith healers, including Jesus, was here to alleviate human suffering; she presented a "problem" for institutionalized, professional medicine in that she healed not as a result of elite training and in exchange for pay, but, rather, via the work of spirits and the manipulation of "magnetic fluid" (36). Similarly, when, in 1901, the American Medical Association (AMA) charged Texas-based curandero Don Pedrito Jaramillo with fraud, this was an attempt to protect a kind of monopoly—over knowledge but also the right to practice—over what counted as medicine and how healing could be regulated by law. It was also an attack on a healthcare provider who depended on "an economy of reciprocity." Refusing to profit off his abilities, Jaramillo was perhaps an even greater threat to the model of medicine-as-industry represented by the AMA. The AMA's perpetuation of coloniality is less visibly striking than the massacre of indigenous Yaqui—Teresita rebels rallying under the name of Urrea—whose corpses were stacked for a photograph outside the Nogales customs house in August of 1896. Seman pairs this image, early in her book, with a similar souvenir photograph of corpses: bodies in a mass grave at Wounded Knee, 1891, laying out in gut-wrenching black-and-white the stakes of alternative cultural "scripts" for healing and showing colonialist violence at its most immediate (101). Similarly powerful is this book's concluding chapter, which insists that these healers "are more than mere cultural footnotes to history" by situating their legacies in the context of the contemporary borderlands politics, alongside the ongoing colonialist expansion and displacement of natives that is El Paso's...

The author explores the concept of identity as a frame of analysis in adolescents responding to various actual experiences of trauma. The author looks into numerous themes including the impact of broken identities, different ways of understanding the “victim identity”, the identities of trauma, the role of transitions, as well as identity dilemmas. By examining the experience of young Mapuche in South America, the experience of war and political violence in Mexico and el Salvador, the identity of displaced young people in Colombia, and a multilevel analysis of child suicides among the Embera ethnic group in Choco, Colombia, a psychosocial and communitarian analysis of the impact of violence and war on youth is offered.

Communicative trust in therapeutic encounters: users’ experiences in public healthcare facilities and community pharmacies in Maputo, Mozambique