Abstract
Intestine microbiota is tightly associated with host health status. Increasing studies have focused on assessing how host intestine microbiota is affected by biotic factors but ignored abiotic factors. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota, by comparing the differences of intestine bacterial signatures of shrimp under low-salinity (LS) and high-salinity (HS) culture conditions. Our results found that intestine core bacterial taxa of shrimp under LS and HS culture conditions were different and that under HS contained more opportunistic pathogen species. Notably, compared with LS culture conditions, opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Vibrio species) were enriched in shrimp intestine under HS. Network analysis revealed that shrimp under HS culture conditions exhibited less connected and lower competitive intestine bacterial interspecies interactions compared with LS. In addition, under HS culture conditions, several opportunistic pathogens were identified as keystone species of intestine bacterial network in shrimp. Furthermore, the ecological drift process played a more important role in the intestine bacterial assembly of shrimp under HS culture conditions than that under LS. These above traits regarding the intestine microbiota of shrimp under HS culture conditions might lead to host at a higher risk of disease. Collectively, this work aids our understanding of the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota and helps for shrimp culture.
Highlights
Intestine microbiota has fundamental roles in maintaining host health status (Hooper and Gordon, 2001; Boulangé et al, 2016)
The present study aims to explore the differences of the bacterial signatures in shrimp intestine under relative lower salinity (LS) and relative higher salinity (HS) culture conditions with the following questions: (i) What are the differences of the bacterial signatures in shrimp intestine under LS and HS culture conditions? (ii) What ecological processes shape the bacterial assembly of shrimp intestine under LS and HS culture conditions? We provide the first attempt to elucidate the relationship between intestine bacterial signatures of shrimp under LS and HS culture conditions and the risk of host disease outbreaks
A total of 5,957 intestine bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of shrimp were identified in this study, among which 4,630 and 5,636 OTUs were identified in the LS and HS groups, respectively (Figure 1A)
Summary
Intestine microbiota has fundamental roles in maintaining host health status (Hooper and Gordon, 2001; Boulangé et al, 2016) In this regard, it is important to determine the microbial signature of host intestines and their influencing factors. 2016; Xiong et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2018; Walburn et al, 2019) These studies have primarily focused on assessing how the intestine microbiota of aquatic animals is affected by biotic factors but ignored abiotic factors. Aquatic animals live in the water habitat with environmental conditions (e.g., salinity, temperature) are constantly experience changes, and whether these abiotic factors can influence on host intestine microbiota, causing further adverse effects on host health status, remains unknown
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