Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBDs are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, are highly debilitating, and are without a definitive cure. Their pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is assumed that genetic, immunological, and environmental factors are involved. People affected by IBDs have relapses, and therapeutic regimens are not always able to keep symptoms in remission over the long term. Natural products emerge as an alternative for the development of new drugs; bioactive compounds are promising in the treatment of several disorders, among them those that affect the gastrointestinal tract, due to their wide structural diversity and biological activities. This review compiles 12 terpenes with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in animal models and in vitro studies. The therapeutic approach to IBDs using terpenes acts basically to prevent oxidative stress, combat dysbiosis, restore intestinal permeability, and improve the inflammation process in different signaling pathways.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and which are highly debilitating and without definitive cure [1,2,3].The incidence and prevalence of IBDs vary considerably in different geographic regions [4].The most massive numbers of cases are concentrated in Europe, North America, and Oceania; in recent years, there has been a growing expansion in Asia, the Middle East, and South America [5,6].They affect men and women
(+)-Borneol (endo-(1R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol) (Figure 1) is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from essential oils of medicinal plants, such as Blumea balsamifera (L.) D.C. of the family
In a study carried out by Zhang et al (2017), the authors examined the activity of (+)-borneol and the association with edaravone (EDA) in the model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)
Summary
The most massive numbers of cases are concentrated in Europe, North America, and Oceania; in recent years, there has been a growing expansion in Asia, the Middle East, and South America [5,6]. CD is characterized by irregular transmural inflammation that can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is generally associated with complications, such as strictures, abscesses, and fistulas. UC, on the other hand, is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa limited to the colon, starting in the rectal region and spreading continuously [9,10]
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