Abstract
The role of antibiotics in the treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection is controversial. To evaluate the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents, and probiotics) for STEC infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) development. We performed a population-based matched case-control study using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. We identified all patients with STEC infection and HUS as cases and matched patients with STEC infection without HUS as controls, with a case-control a ratio of 1:5. Further medical information was obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Multivariable conditional logistic regression model was used. 7760 patients with STEC infection were registered in the NESID. 182 patients with HUS and 910 matched controls without HUS were selected. 90 patients with HUS (68 children and 22 adults) and 371 patients without HUS (266 children and 105 adults) were included in the main analysis. The matched ORs of any antibiotics and fosfomycin for HUS in children were 0.56 (95% CI 0.32-0.98), 0.58 (0.34-1.01). The matched ORs for HUS were 2.07 (1.07-4.03), 0.86 (0.46-1.61) in all ages treated with antidiarrheal agent and probiotics. Antibiotics, especially fosfomycin, may prevent the development of HUS in children, while use of antidiarrheal agents should be avoided.
Highlights
7760 patients with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection were registered in the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID). 182 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 910 matched controls without HUS were selected. 90 patients with HUS (68 children and 22 adults) and 371 patients without HUS (266 children and 105 adults) were included in the main analysis
The matched ORs of any antibiotics and fosfomycin for HUS in children were 0.56, 0.58 (0.34–1.01)
The matched ORs for HUS were 2.07 (1.07– 4.03), 0.86 (0.46−1.61) in all ages treated with antidiarrheal agent and probiotics
Summary
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) may cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency [1]. STEC is estimated to cause 2.8 million acute illnesses worldwide, leading to 3890 cases of HUS [2]. Several studies aiming to develop effective interventions have attempted to identify risk factors for the progression of STEC infection to HUS. Young age [6,7,8,9,10], female sex [9], the STEC O157 serotype encoding only Shiga toxin 2 [11, 12], disease severity such as vomiting and bloody diarrhea [9], and antimotility agents [13, 14] are reported as risk factors for progression to HUS. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection is controversial
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