Abstract
Seedling grafting could provide additional crop improvement strategies for cotton. However, there existed limited studies on interspecific grafting and approaches. Four different grafting approaches were developed and compared between lines representing three of the four cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum, G. barbadense and G. herbaceum. Grafting approaches of this study focused on the cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves retained on scions, rootstocks, without cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves on scions and rootstocks or halved cotyledon node and single cotyledon leaf on scions and rootstocks. Evaluations of the grafting approaches were made by comparing survival and growth rate during the second and fifth weeks after transplantation, respectively. The formation of any lateral shoots at the grafted sites were studied in two of four grafting approaches in the first and the second year during flowering stage. DNA alterations due to grafting were investigated using microsatellite markers. There were no statistically significant differences between grafts and their control in survival rate and locus specific DNA alteration. Growth rate and lateral shoot formation, on the other hand, were different among grafting types and grafts. We concluded that grafting without cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves on rootstocks, and with cotyledon node but without cotyledon leaves on scions were easy to perform and suitable for interspecific cotton grafting. Results suggested that grafting seedlings and allowing time to heal graft wounds prior to spring transplanting or double cropping is suitable for wheat–cotton intercropping to prevent late or early chilling damage associated with seed sowing or conventional transplanting of susceptible seedlings. Furthermore, the rapid and consistent wound healing in seedling grafts along with lateral shoot formation occurring in two of four grafting approaches make them a suitable approach to investigate possible genetic and epigenetic movement between scions and rootstocks, especially across species.
Highlights
The genus Gossypium L. contains more than 50 species, four of which are cultivated in the world
We noted that when suitable humidity and temperature (28 °C) provided to scions attached on rootstocks in growth chamber or tunnel, scions could survive more than 1 week without any dying symptoms even incompatible intergeneric grafting as we noted in grafts between cotton and sunflower
Survival rate of grafting was determined at the fourth week of grafting experiments
Summary
The genus Gossypium L. contains more than 50 species, four of which are cultivated in the world. The shoot part of a plant (known as scion) is attached onto a root part of another plant (known as rootstock). In cotton, grafting experiments have been conducted for different purposes including transfer of root-knot nematode resistance[11], recovery of plants from in vitro culture[12], transgenic r ecovery[13], transfer of cytokinins and abscisic acid hormones[14], transfer of Verticillium dahlia resistance[15], identification of the role of shoot on premature leaf senescence induced by potassium n utrition[16], increased c ryotolerance[17], and resistance to leaf curl d isease[18]. Several grafting techniques such as side, bark, saddle, bridge, inarch, splice and mentor grafting methods are being used Most of these techniques are not suitable for cotton. Regardless of the scion and rootstock numbers, in all three grafting approaches, scions and rootstocks were joined at the cotyledon node by the wedge-grafting technique
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