Abstract

Abstract This chapter considers the origin and development of the Second Vatican Council’s Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions (Nostra Aetate), with particular attention given to its understanding of the theological bases for interreligious dialogue and the important contribution of dialogue and collaboration to the causes of peace, social justice, and the rightful ordering of the human community. Starting from a consideration of the question of the Jews by a subcommission of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, it seeks to show how the declaration builds upon the principles developed in the context of ecumenical (interchurch) dialogue and then influences the council’s reframing of the mission of the Church in the world in other conciliar and post-conciliar texts, including the Decree on the Mission Activity of the Church (Ad Gentes), the Declaration on Religious Freedom (Dignitate Humanae), and the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes).

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