Interpreting innovation and change in traditional Portuguese linen making: A design-led approach

The aim of paper is to highlight the traditional arts, handicrafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamal District in the state of Odisha. The Kutia Kandha, a primitive tribe primarily belongs to the Kandhamal district areas like Balliguda sub-Division, Tumudibandha Block area, Gumma, Belghar and Bilamala and Jhiripani Gram panchayats. The people of Kutia Kandha tribe live in the hilly region and identify unique culture and customs. The art form has a deep cultural significance for the Kutia Kandha people, who view it as a way to preserve their traditional way of life and express their cultural identity. The research delves into the unique art forms, traditional crafts and vibrant dance practices that are integral to the Kutia Kandhas' way of life. Through ethnographic research methods, this study documents and analyses the symbolic meanings, social functions and the processes of preservation and transformation of these cultural expressions in the context of modern influences. The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of the Kutia Kandhas' cultural identity and the broader discourse on indigenous art and traditions. The study employs a qualitative research approach, primarily using ethnographic methods. Fieldwork was conducted in various villages within Kandhamal District, where participant observation, in-depth interviews and visual documentation were utilized to gather data. The participants include tribal elders, artisans and performers who provided insights into the traditional practices. Additionally, archival research was conducted to compare historical records with current practices. Data analysis was done through thematic coding, focusing on recurring patterns and cultural motifs in the art, crafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamala in Odisha.

The background of this research is because people still have limited knowledge of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research methods in a study. The problems discussed in the writing are: 1. How is the development of ethnographic research and ethnomethodological research? and 2. When did ethnographic research and ethnomethodological research begin? The research method used is the historical method through the stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data collection techniques through library research techniques (library research) are carried out through literature studies and several reference sources such as journals, articles, books and others. The aim of the research is to describe the development of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research and to provide understanding and introduction to ethnographic and ethnomethodological research to the government. The research results found that ethnographic research methods were better known by the wider community than ethnomethodological research methods.

Man overtime has demonstrated good knowledge of her environment, and as such explores environmental resources in other to satisfy his needs. Isuochi is a community in Umunneochi Local Government Area of Abia State that is known to possess skills, which remained distinct with them especially in traditional arts and crafts industries. These artisans are resourceful and productive and are now almost self-sufficient people. However, traditional arts and crafts are gradually going into extinction for two reasons. First, the youths often migrate to urban areas in search of white-collar jobs and thus, the art is left solely in the hands of aged and elderly persons. Secondary, imported and second-hand materials, as well as their cheapness, has made most people not to patronise local crafts. These factors among others gave rise to our interest in documenting the traditional arts and crafts of Isuochi. It is believed that if not documented, over time, the arts would only be remembered in myths and stories as in some African phenomenon. To successfully prosecute the study, ethnographic research method was employed. The researchers also used participant-as-observer. Here, the intents and purpose of the study were made known to local craftsmen work and relevant questions useful for achieving the research objectives were asked. Enlightened Isuochi elders were also interviewed. This paper, therefore, attempts to examine the traditional arts and crafts industries in Isuochi with a view to understanding their implications for tourism development. Keywords: Traditional arts and crafts, Isuochi artisans, Tourism development. DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/47-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Education plays an important role in shaping students’ social and cultural identity, particularly through Social Studies learning at the junior secondary level. However, Social Studies instruction is often still oriented toward cognitive achievement and lacks contextual learning experiences, which limits the internalization of social and cultural values in the midst of globalization and the gradual erosion of local culture. Therefore, this study aims to examine teachers’ perspectives on the contribution of Social Studies learning through a deep learning approach to the formation of students’ social and cultural identity in Pacitan Regency. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The participants consisted of 5–10 junior secondary Social Studies teachers selected purposively. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and member checking. The findings indicate that teachers perceive Social Studies learning as having a strategic role in fostering students’ social and cultural identity through the internalization of social, cultural, national, and civic values. The implementation of a contextual deep learning approach supports students’ understanding, reflection, and meaning-making processes in relation to their social and cultural environment. However, the implementation still faces several challenges, including limited instructional time, resource constraints, and variations in teacher readiness.

Experimental and ethnographic research methods are often described as mutually exclusive. This article suggests how they could be combined in the method of “experimental ethnography.” Building ethnographic methods into the separate branches of randomized controlled trials could substantially increase the range of conclusions that can be produced by experimental research designs, as well as by ethnographic methods. Experimental designs offer greater internal validity for learning what the effects of a social program are, and ethnographic methods offer greater insight into why the effects were produced. The prospects for such integration depend on the capacity of two different communities within social science to work together for the common goal of discovering truth.

Different forms of representation enable and convey different ways of knowing. How can we perform ethnography and fully embrace the particular epistemology/ies of the audio-image through observational cinema? This chapter explores some of the epistemological features of the cinematic form and how one particular style of documentary filmmaking, observational cinema, can be used as an ethnographic research method. This method practically comes down to a selection process in time and space (including subject, activity and context) through the affordances of the techniques of cinema. Due to the immediacy of the cinematic intervention in the encounter with the persons we do our research with, and the way in which this selection process determines the material with which the ethnographer, in collaboration with the subjects of the research, ultimately composes a film, understanding and operationalising the ways in which ethnographic and anthropological intentions and other factors determine the parameters for selection is crucial. In this chapter I define some of the factors or parameters which (can) play a role in the process. I propose that these parameters can and should become part of our reflective process and awareness before, during and after filming, in order to guide the choices we make of what, when, whom and where to film (which are often experienced as intuitive, topical and analytical). This includes a process of socialisation and sensitisation of the body, vision and hearing, and the mind, as well as an active engagement with the persons and environments in our research by fully using the affordances of the medium to reach and convey ethnographic understanding, and the different ways of knowing that the cinematic form enables. Audiovisual ethnography is thus approached as a sensibility that requires awareness and a rigorous process of reflection, apart from the necessary technical training in and understanding of observational cinema as a style of documentary filmmaking.

This research paper investigates the impact of Urban Living Labs (ULLs) on social resilience within urban communities, with a specific focus on the Multicultural City ChatterBox project in Portsmouth, the UK. Drawing on a rich body of literature and empirical data collected through ethnographic research methods, including interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, this study explores how participatory placemaking and co-creation activities foster community resilience. The ChatterBox project, a collaborative effort between the local community and researchers, led to the construction of a temporary timber pavilion in an underutilized urban space, serving as a vibrant hub for social interaction and engagement among diverse community groups. Our findings reveal that ULLs significantly contribute to enhancing social resilience by empowering communities, fostering a sense of belonging, and facilitating the development of social networks. Through the process of co-design and co-creation, participants not only gained a deeper understanding and ownership of their urban environment but also developed valuable skills and knowledge, thus strengthening their capacity to adapt to societal challenges. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of ULLs in bridging gaps between different community groups, thereby promoting inclusivity and social cohesion. The Multicultural City ChatterBox project exemplifies how ULL interventions can serve as catalysts for social innovation, offering flexible and adaptive solutions to urban challenges while simultaneously enriching the social fabric of cities. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on urban resilience, placemaking, and community-led urban development, providing valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and community organizers seeking to foster resilient and vibrant urban communities.

This study investigates the regenerative potential of community-based ecotourism (CBET) through the lens of culinary value chains and experiential perspectives, analyzing their role in promoting cultural preservation, environmental stewardship, and local economic resilience. Employing Critical Place Inquiry (CPI) and ethnographic research methods, including participatory video, photography, walks, and mental mapping, the research examines the integration of Indigenous knowledge and place-based culinary traditions in fostering sustainable tourism models within Trà Vinh province, Vietnam. Findings reveal that culinary practices are deeply embedded within broader ecological, cultural, and social landscapes, functioning as socio-ecological systems that bolster local agency, facilitate intergenerational knowledge transfer, and promote environmental protection. The research identifies four key place-based resources—culinary diversity & cultural identity, gastronomic harmony & social cohesion, environmental conservation & sustainability, and cultural exchange & intercultural understanding—critical for understanding the significance of place in CBET. Case studies exemplify how community-led culinary initiatives, rooted in Indigenous knowledge, strengthen agricultural traditions, foster biodiversity, and enhance community resilience. The study demonstrates that incorporating participatory methods enhances the comprehension of place-based tourism practices, positioning culinary value chains as essential mechanisms for preserving cultural traditions and ecological well-being. It offers novel insights into the transformative capacity of localized, community-based ecotourism, highlighting the crucial role of Indigenous viewpoints in tourism planning and advocating for holistic, inclusive, and sustainable culinary tourism strategies that lead to net-positive socio-environmental outcomes.

As robotic technologies rapidly enter our everyday lives, we are compelled to consider the ethical, legal, and societal (ELS) challenges that arise in connection to these changes. In this workshop, we will present a novel methodological approach to HRI that will: help to identify ELS issues through ethnographic research methods, encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, and broaden the scope of existing HRI research while providing concrete tools for addressing these ELS challenges. We aim to introduce ethnographic methods and unfold the benefits and challenges of conducting ethnographic research. We will engage participants through speaker presentations, lightning talks, moderated group discussions, and a group-work session focused on integrating new methods into attendees» own research practices. Workshop topics will draw on the content of selected position papers, centered around how we can use ethnographic methods in HRI research so that we can: better understand users, workplaces, and robots; identify and address ELS issues; and ultimately ensure the design of more ethical, sustainable, and responsible robotics.

Background: Ethnography has been used to address a broad range of research questions in health care. With ethnographic research methods it is possible to gain access to the complex realities of health care practice as it occurs, through interpreting the nuances of individual and team behaviours, the roles and dynamics of care provision, and the social impacts and influences of illness. The provision of clinical palliative care is complex, involving multidisciplinary collaboration across different health systems, and is subject to a multitude of personal, cultural and environmental influences. This complexity demands creative methodological approaches to research in palliative care, of which ethnography plays an important, if infrequently utilised, role. Aim: This article aims to explore potential opportunities of ethnographic methods for palliative care research. Findings: Ethnographic methods focuses on behaviour in the 'natural' setting of participants, to create theoretical descriptions of events, cultures, interactions and experiences. In palliative care these methods may provide nuanced understandings of illness, relationships and teams, communication, medical education, complex care provision, and novel or changing health practices. Of particular importance is the potential of these methods to understand complex practices and processes, and engage with under-represented population groups who may be excluded from interview research. Conclusion: Ethnography offers important opportunities for future research in palliative care and should be considered as part of the 'research toolbox' to improve understanding of the complex nature of care provision and the experiences of illness and loss.

In this chapter, I draw on experiences studying land and labor transformations in Sulawesi, Indonesia to reflect on practices for integrating remotely sensed (RS) and ethnographic research methods in a critical physical geographical account of socio-environmental relations. I offer three suggestions for going beyond the existing emphasis on eliminating barriers to integration to foster more convivial, generative, and flexible approaches to joining RS and ethnography. The first emphasizes the importance of staying with place and process in developing ‘intuitive’ approaches to integration. The second highlights how attention to the tensions between RS and ethnographic findings can deepen knowledge reflexivity while nuancing or even upending existing research understandings. The third explores how integrative instincts can inform approaches to re-fashioning RS and ethnographic methods, whether this involves more explicitly spatializing ethnographic research or leveraging RS to develop an ethnographically “thick” description of place-based relations.

In the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) maternal mortality ratios remain among the highest in the world. Although traditional Tibetan medical theory, practice, and pharmacology include information on maternal and child health care, Tibet is one of the few societies in the world that does not have traditional birth attendants or midwives. Using ethnographic methods, we gathered data from individual interviews with rural Tibetan women (N = 38) about their beliefs and behaviors surrounding pregnancy and childbirth. Additional data were gathered through interviews with prefecture, county, and township health care providers. These data were used to develop a culturally appropriate village birth attendant training program in rural Tibet. We describe Tibetan women's perspectives of “having a safe delivery” in relation to concepts about “safe delivery” according to evidence-based medicine in the West. Our work also provides an example of the benefits and challenges that arise when ethnographic research methods are used to design and implement health care interventions.

The visual arts are considered a core subject in the United States public school curriculum. However, the way in which visual arts curriculum is implemented in schools is largely left up to the individual states. This study focused on how art educators' design, direct, find support, and operate visual arts programs in the K-12 public school system in West Virginia. Ethnographic research methods were implemented for this study.

This paper discusses the evaluation of Michigan's High‐Risk Hepatitis B Vaccination Program using ethnographic methods. Ninety‐six face‐to‐face interviews were conducted in Family Planning, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Adolescent Health clinics throughout Michigan. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine why many Michigan residents who sought care at these clinics refused free hepatitis B vaccines and others failed to complete the vaccination series. Key reasons for refusal included lack of knowledge about hepatitis B, lack of knowledge about vaccines, and inconvenience. This paper explores how using ethnographic research methods—one—on—one interviews and participant—observation—captured data from this population that would likely have not been discovered using quantitative research methods.

ABSTRACTThis study aim to gain insight into the information-seeking habits of upper-division business students. While studying information-seeking habits is a large subcategory of information literacy, not much has been published on the information-seeking habits of business students. The majority of studies conducted in this area use the survey as the data-collection instrument. This study uses ethnographic research methods such as journaling to collect data on this unique user group. Ethnographic methods allow the researcher to capture rich qualitative information that will yield a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the user group's needs. Findings are examined by using thematic qualitative analysis techniques. Information gathered for this study will be used to develop new services and information literacy components for business students.