Abstract
Although several recent publications describe cathodes for electrochemical energy storage materials made from regrown biomass in aqueous electrolytes, their transfer to lithium–organic batteries is challenging. To gain a deeper understanding, we investigate the influences on charge storage in model systems based on biomass‐derived, redox‐active compounds and comparable structures. Hybrid materials from these model polymers and porous carbon are compared to determine precisely the causes of exceptional capacity in lithium–organic systems. Besides redox activity, particularly, wettability influences capacity of the composites greatly. Furthermore, in addition to biomass‐derived molecules with catechol functionalities, which are described commonly as redox‐active species in lithium–bio‐organic systems, we further describe guaiacol groups as a promising alternative for the first time and compare the performance of the respective compounds.
Highlights
Guaiacol groups are common in biomolecules, both in small molecules such as vanillin as well as in macromolecules such as lignin.[1]
The successful formation of Schiff bases is confirmed by using IR spectroscopy (Figure 1), as the resulting polymers contain the functional groups from the respective phenyl ring
Polymers made from polyallylamine and redox-active and -inactive aldehydes were used as model compounds for biogenic polymers to elucidate the different contributions to electrochemical energy storage in future bio-based batteries and lithium ion capacitors
Summary
Guaiacol groups are common in biomolecules, both in small molecules such as vanillin as well as in macromolecules such as lignin.[1]. Tubes,[17] porous carbons,[9,10,15,18] and conductive polymers,[3,19] all of which contribute significant capacitive energy storage Both cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic measurements of the mixed cathode materials are used to show influences of both distinct redox-active groups (high current only at distinct voltages in cyclic voltammetry and plateau-like galvanostatic behavior) and capacitive behavior (rectangular cyclic voltammogram and triangular galvanostatic curve). For the formation of electrodes, we chose microporous carbons as conductive additives because of the possibility to synthesize them from biowaste,[28] which makes them an attractive sustainable conductive additive, and because of their intrinsically high capacitance that allows the formation of hybrid electrochemical energy storage devices.[29] The contributions of carbon, the wettability of the electrolyte, and different functional units to the resulting lithium-ion-based energy storage devices are discussed. The electrochemical performance of these composites are investigated and compared
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