Abstract
In this section we present the aims of the chapter, the relevance of the issue, and some references to the literature and previous studies. Science policy makers and analysts tend to consider international mobility as a positive phenomenon which deserves to be (and increasingly is) promoted (EC 2000, 2001a, b, 2005, 2011, 2012a, b; Morano-Foadi 2005; Ackers 2008). This is reflected in the programs and policy initiatives by national governments and the EU to promote international scientific mobility such as the Marie Curie Actions and the European Charter for Researchers and The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers (EC 2005, 2012a, b; Ackers 2008). Analysts associate international mobility with the diffusion of knowledge and capacity building (Ackers 2005; Edler et al. 2011; Jonkers and Cruz-Castro 2013), research collaboration (Fontes 2007; Jonkers and Tijssen 2008; Melkers and Kiopa 2010; see also EC 2012a, b) as well as productivity (Edler et al. 2011; Defazio et al. 2009; De Filippo et al. 2009).
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