International Experiences With Good Governance

Purpose – The collapse of some prominent corporations over the last ten years has been attributed to poor governance. Not-for-profit agencies are now examining their own governance policies and practices in an attempt to prevent the calamities that have plagued the private sector. Because heritage sites, conservation organizations and heritage-based tourism are significant factors in the social life and economies of many countries, the proper management of cultural heritage initiatives is vital. This paper seeks to undertake the development of a set of good governance principles applicable to the oversight and operation of cultural heritage institutions. Design/methodology/approach – The fifth World Parks Congress, in South Africa in 2003, encouraged the development of governance principles for protected areas based on the UNDP document Governance for Sustainable Human Development. Using these standards as a reference for the cultural heritage setting, UNESCO and ICOMOS charters and conventions, along with documents from National Trusts in specific countries are examined with regard to their relevance to good governance. Findings – A set of good governance criteria and principles including legitimacy and voice, direction, performance, accountability, and fairness, is developed. Practical implications – The paper addresses governance issues and principles relevant to non-governmental and public sector governance in the cultural heritage sector. Originality/value – The paper draws on principles of good governance from several international heritage related agencies, trusts and organizations to develop a set of principles that can be recommended for use in the cultural heritage sector.

In Ukraine, there have been significant changes in regional development due to the conditions of the war and the need to form new tasks, implement urgent measures, projects to restore the territories of communities and regions, continuing the European integration course of Ukraine, decentralization reform and the implementation of standards, principles and current tools of good governance of the Council of Europe. The purpose of writing the article is to reveal the need for further development of inter-municipal cooperation to create territories of community cooperation, as points of economic growth and regional development, to overcome socio-economic challenges caused by the war, as models of multi-level management, public administration and targeted actions for the restoration of territories of communities and regions of Ukraine during the war and in the post-war period in accordance with European standards and best practices of democratic governance and territorial development. The following methods were used to determine the principles of inter-municipal cooperation in the management of regional development: the method of cognition (for the formation of theoretical principles for determining the essence of inter-municipal cooperation, development strategies); comparative analysis (in order to compare the effectiveness of the development strategy); abstract-logical (for the formation of theoretical generalizations and the formulation of research conclusions); graphic visualization (for the purpose of visualization of results and analysis). The Center for Good Governance Expertise of the Council of Europe, in its Recommendations regarding the formulation of policies on the Local Self-Government Restoration Plan dated June 30, 2022, emphasized the need to implement stronger forms of inter-municipal cooperation based on the principles of "smart" and "green" municipal (spatial) planning to overcome challenges caused by the conditions of the war, the key of which are changes in the population and the economic structure of communities. In the process of forming spaces of inter-municipal cooperation between communities of Ukrainian and European regions, as an important functional space and level of management of regional development, it is important to use the existing national and international experience in the development of community cooperation at the local, inter-territorial and international levels, the experience of developing these spaces in the territorial and cross-border cooperation, creating models and tools of municipal management and public administration for the post-war period of development of the territories of communities and regions on the basis of the application of standards, principles and current tools of "Good democratic governance" and the development of civil diplomacy.

Good governance is an ideal concept which is very much important for achieving socio-economic development of a country. Effective public service delivery is an important instrument for boasting up the good governance. Unfortunately, the public sector in Bangladesh does not often function according to citizen’s expectations. Citizens are very much dissatisfied with the public service delivery system. World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and donor nations are urging Bangladesh to ensure public services to citizen. Surprisingly, except only a few initiatives such as, introducing charter of duties, enactment of Right to Information Act 2009, the matter of improving public service delivery remained untouched in the field administration of Bangladesh. Therefore, it becomes eminent and most essential to ensure timely and corruption free public service delivery for citizens. Through this research a Strategic and Tactical Systems Level Framework and Model of Effective Public Service Delivery has been developed with the comparison of applying benchmark framework to Bangladesh experience as in the case of Deputy Commissioner Office. Research evidences provided in literature review, international experiences and case study analysis have been used as the basis for developing the benchmark framework. The model can be effective in ensuring public service delivery and updating the status of customer satisfaction which will ultimately reflect the good governance policy to be implemented, maintained and sustained.

Governance has appeared similarly to other terms such as privatization and globalization. The corporate governance concept has had a great importance due to the financial declines and economic crises which several states have witnessed in the money markets and corporations located in a number of states in East Asia, Latin America and Russia during the 1990s of the twentieth century. Furthermore, the US economy has lately witnessed financial and accounting declines and the world financial crisis of 2008 - 2009 whose one of its most important reasons is related to the lack of transparency and disclosure of the financial and accounting data of a number of corporations and economic units of the money markets. Definitions of corporate governance are varied according to the different adopted viewpoints related to the research scope. Governance can be defined as the corporations’ rational governance through a group of laws, rules and bases that guarantee transparency and law enforcement. This Paper aims to identify the various concepts of governance and state the motives behind adopting this new trend while clarifying the main features and objectives of governance, the fundamentals upon which governance is based and the internal and external determinants the control the performance of governance. The study aims as well to review the most important criteria and different principles of governance in light of the institutional framework that organizes its work nature, the international endeavors to activate it and the information and statistics’ role in the sound implementation of governance. The study aims also to identify the status quo of the corporate governance in Egypt in light of a group of international indicators concerned with good governance with reference to the Egyptian banking system’s experience in this regard and the possibility of getting benefited from the international experiences and experiments in the field of governance to ensure its successful implementation. The Paper relies on the descriptive method and depends on theoretical library researches and the literature review in this field. Finally, the study introduces its concluded results and recommendations. Key words: Corporate Governance, transparency, Egypt-Banking System, governance of family, owned corporations, international experiences in the field of governance.

A review of the yearbook World Health Statistics 2009 revealed the basic features of health spending of member states of the World Health Organization. A review of the policies and experiences of government health spending of the international community points the following findings:this health spending is characteristic of social values deciding government health spending, legislature determines the stable mechanism and priority of government health spending local government shoulders main duties of government health spending, policy objectives of government health spending may be dynamic with stronger function of guidance, greater health financing sources of the government can empower government health spending, a government accountability mechanism should be built for better governance of the health system and for a better social medical assurance system. Key words: Government; Health financing; Health system; Governance

Nearly 70 countries have introduced Freedom of Information (FOI) laws, 55 in the last 10 years alone (Banisar 2006). Some laws aim to strengthen democracy, while for others FOI is primarily a device to combat corruption. The UK Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) was part of the new ‘constitutional settlement’ ushered in by New Labour, who promised that it would initiate an era of greater transparency and accountability.1 ‘Open government is good government’, said the Lord Chancellor, Lord Irvine of Lairg, during a speech about the draft law (Irvine 1998). However, the political and administrative realities of FOI since implementation have tested government’s support of the law and, if international experience is any guide, will lead to constraints against information access in the future.KeywordsPublic AuthorityPolitical ConstitutionPolitical SensitivityInformation CommissionerCombat CorruptionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The oil and gas industry, as one of the strategic sectors of the global economy, plays a pivotal role in economic development and energy supply. In Iran, the high dependence of the national economy on oil revenues makes the efficient management of this industry imperative. This article focuses on the concept of good governance and examines the legal challenges in drafting international oil and gas contracts, while proposing solutions to enhance the structure of such agreements. Good governance, through principles such as transparency, accountability, rule of law, and public participation, can reduce corruption, attract investor confidence, and ensure resource sustainability. The identified legal challenges include conflicts between national and international laws, information asymmetry, corruption, international sanctions, complexities in negotiations, environmental issues, and weaknesses in contract enforcement. These obstacles hinder the realization of good governance principles and affect the effectiveness of contracts. Contract theory and risk distribution frameworks provide theoretical foundations for analyzing these challenges and emphasize the importance of balancing interests, flexibility, and transparency. International experiences, such as those of Norway and Canada, demonstrate the success of good governance in sustainable resource management, while examples like Nigeria and Venezuela reveal the consequences of weak governance. The proposed solutions include improving the transparency of bidding processes, strengthening independent regulatory institutions, designing flexible contracts, joining international initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), involving local communities, employing modern technologies, enhancing human capacity, and developing comprehensive legal frameworks. These reforms can increase the effectiveness of contracts and strengthen Iran’s position in the global energy market. The implementation of these solutions, especially under sanction conditions, requires political will and international cooperation to achieve sustainable and equitable development in Iran’s oil and gas industry.

Background. Modern parliamentarism functions not only as an institutional form of representative democracy but also as a specific subsystem of public governance that requires effective administration based on democratic values and the principles of good governance. In Ukraine, the effective implementation of public administration principles in the field of parliamentarism is particularly relevant in the context of administrative reforms and alignment with European standards. Given the complexity of the political system, growing public expectations, and increasing demands for accountability, there is a pressing need to explore how such principles as popular sovereignty, rule of law, transparency, accountability, efficiency, inclusiveness, professionalism, and interaction with civil society are operationalized within the parliamentary framework. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary approach that combines the analysis of academic literature, legal and regulatory acts, parliamentary reports, and empirical studies of parliamentary institutions. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of the implementation of key principles in EU countries, particularly Sweden, Estonia, and the United Kingdom, in order to assess the compliance of Ukrainian practices with European standards of good governance. Specific focus is placed on the principles of professionalism and civic engagement. Results. The study identifies major challenges to the implementation of the professionalism principle, including the politicization of the administrative apparatus, insufficient training for parliamentarians, limited resources for professional development, and a low level of ethical compliance. In terms of civic engagement, problems include the formalized nature of public consultations, limited public participation in the legislative process, and low trust in parliamentary institutions. The comparative analysis revealed best practices, such as the establishment of consultative councils, mandatory training programs for MPs, and institutionalized transparency through digital platforms. Conclusions. The results confirm the necessity of systematic reform in the area of parliamentary administration, drawing on international experience. The study recommends implementing comprehensive educational programs for parliamentarians, creating permanent feedback mechanisms with the public, improving the ethical infrastructure of parliaments, and expanding the use of digital technologies in legislative processes. This integrated approach would enhance the legitimacy and efficiency of parliamentary activity, strengthen democratic governance, and increase public trust in state institutions. Future research could focus on the empirical evaluation of implemented reforms and their impact on the quality of legislation.

The aim of this study is to ascertain effect of Corporate Governance mechanisms on the possibility of financial statements containing fraud. This study examines the size of the board of commissioners as determined by the total number of board members in a company, the proportion of independent board members as determined by the proportion of an organization's board of directors that are independent as a percentage of the total number of board members, and board members with international experience. The audit committee's and worldwide audit's efficacy is evaluated by assigning a code one if all necessary information is released, a code two if Indonesia is informed but does not comply with the Code of Good Corporate Governance, and a code three if no information is provided. The Beneish M-Score measures financial statement fraud. The company indicated manipulator would be given code one if not indicated code 0. The company's size is quantified by the logarithm of the company's total assets in year t, leverage is measured by dividing total debt by total equity, and the company's age is estimated based on the number of years since the corporation was incorporated. On the Stock Exchange. A sample in this study of 100 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019. The statistical method used is binary logistics analysis. The findings of this study indicate that board size does not affect the likelihood of financial statements containing fraud; the proportion of independent board members does not affect the possibility of financial statements preventing fraud; board members with international experience do not affect the likelihood of financial statements preventing fraud.

This article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region.The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development.Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR).

Financial stability is not only essential for achieving the primary objective of central banks - price stability - but also plays a fundamental role in fostering sustainable economic growth. In the case of Thailand, maintaining financial stability helps create a favorable environment for both investors and depositors, thereby strengthening confidence in the financial system. A stable financial system enhances the efficiency of financial intermediation, improves the functioning of capital markets, and ensures more effective allocation of resources. These factors collectively contribute to the development of a sound, transparent, and resilient financial infrastructure. Moreover, a stable financial environment reduces the likelihood of financial shocks and systemic risks, which can otherwise have severe consequences for the broader economy. This paper aims to examine the critical role of financial stability in supporting Thailand’s long-term economic development and identify key policy measures to enhance the resilience of its financial system. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative policy analysis with quantitative evaluation of financial indicators to comprehensively assess Thailand’s financial stability. The research design centers on a descriptive and analytical framework that enables the identification of macro-financial vulnerabilities, the effectiveness of regulatory responses, and the strategic directions necessary to ensure long-term economic sustainability. This paper explores the importance of financial stability in Thailand, identifies potential vulnerabilities, and discusses comprehensive policy solutions. These include enhancing regulatory frameworks, improving the supervisory capacity of the central bank, and promoting transparency and good governance in financial institutions. By examining Thailand’s current financial landscape and drawing comparisons with international experiences, the study provides strategic recommendations for strengthening the country’s financial stability in the long term.

The objective of this work is to assess the capacity of the regulatory framework on the issue transparency to achieve the sought-after transparency in the management of public administrations. To this end, the existing literature focused on international experiences is reviewed, identifying works looking at one law or set of laws and measure the degree of transparency at a date after their entry into force. Subsequently, we analyze the case of big Spanish municipalities in connection with Act 19/2013 on Transparency, Access to Public Information and Good Governance. We thus use the levels of transparency published, mainly by the SIELOCAL Index for 2014 (year when the law came into force) and 2017. These data are also checked against the index prepared and published by Transparency International Spain. The results show a significant relationship between the law and achievements in terms of transparency; yet, the conclusions of our research present the evolution of transparency not only as a result of the regulatory framework, but as a result of a set of factors.

It is analyzed that the process of digitalization is objective, depends on globalization processes. However, this process, as well as political and market relations in general, is characterized by certain features, defects and failures of the market that require government regulation and intervention. In most countries of the modern world, one of the priority strategic tasks and national priorities is the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the development of elements of the digital society. Digital technologies, as well as related social and human activities form the digital sphere of modern society, which in the current environment determines the economic and innovative potential of the state, education and human development, determines social progress, good governance and democratic procedures. The development of the principles of the digital society stimulates the improvement of ways and methods of interaction in the framework of socio-economic relations. The use of information technology allows to expand communication processes, changes the composition and status of their participants, the principles of spatial interaction through networking, increases the decentralization of management decisions in the public and private sectors. Based on the analysis of modern theoretical models, it is possible to outline the model of digital policy. Elements of the model are the digital field, which influences the use of certain ways of interaction of digital political entities with the digital infrastructure; digital infrastructure - a number of technologies / tools for network integration; user networks - communities of citizens who master and use digital technologies / tools to achieve common goals, self-government; digital policymakers integrating these networks for policy implementation Thus, a new reality has emerged in the world, which encourages governments of all countries to pursue a system of digital economy through digital transformation by improving relevant areas of national legislation, development and implementation of large-scale government strategies, projects and programs, including full digital technology. A comprehensive study of digital politics as a new phenomenon of the political process in the modern world, which arises under the influence of global digitalization. It has been found that the digitalization of politics is a valence, unstable, incomplete process, which can be explained by the very nature of global digitalization, which is constantly self-improving and self-renewing. This also affects the principles of digital policymakers, who are constantly improving their tools through the formation of larger communities. So the balance of power in the digital world depends on the immediate integration of these communities by one or another digital political entity. Digitalization of public policy is described as a constant modification of the digital infrastructure of the political process. Categories have been established for the study of digitalization of politics in order to identify its impact on modern discourse: "digital politics", "digital political actors". Factors influencing the process of digitalization of public policy in foreign countries are identified. A model of digital policy is proposed, which allows to determine the content and principles of transformation of state policy in the digital environment, in particular: 1) the procedure for creating a new type of political actor - digital political entity; 2) creating conditions for the creation of different types of networks for policy implementation within digital policy practices, 3) methods of using digital infrastructure for policy implementation, 4) principles of producing a new type of political content that changes the structure and formats of political texts.

This research concerns freedom of information (FOI) in Vietnam within the context of global democratisation. FOI may ‘oxygenate’ democracy by strengthening transparency, accountability and efficiency in the operation of governments and facilitating implementation of human rights. More than half the world’s countries have FOI legislation. It has been conceived of as a right and/or a tool for better governance. The research addresses whether Vietnam, a single party state with a moderate level of democracy and a weak economy, is in need of FOI reform and the potential impact of such reform. FOI regimes do not evolve in a political vacuum, and their adoption cannot be a mechanical ‘tick-a-box’ borrowing from outside. The approach to FOI is highly context-dependent. With this in mind, and drawing on international experiences (both contemporary and historical) and legal transplantation theories, the thesis examines the desirability and adaptability of FOI reform in Vietnam. It is a contextual and comparative law thesis aimed not at drafting a model FOI bill for Vietnam, but reaching a realistic road map for FOI reform there. This thesis presents comparative legal and institutional analysis in a dynamic institutional setting - given Vietnam’s transitional openness to democratisation generally and FOI in particular. The social, cultural and political scene in Vietnam indicates a number of positive and negative features and trends, which will alternately facilitate and inhibit FOI reform in Vietnam. FOI is shaped by the local context but, conversely, it is capable of facilitating improvement in local conditions. Vietnam already has several factors necessary for the establishment of a mechanism for information access. This means that Vietnam can adopt an FOI reform as part of broader ongoing democratic reform. By reforming FOI, a flow of information will be created, enabling public access to public information while eroding public administrative secrecy. Gradually, it is to be hoped, FOI will help strengthen good governance in Vietnam as transparency, efficiency and accountability in the operation of government increase. The research documents however that enacting a specific FOI law is just the initial step to reforming FOI. As the Vietnamese government and Vietnamese law have many distinctive attributes, the research suggests that it is unrealistic to unrealistic to proceed, initially, with an overly ambitious FOI act. Instead, the Vietnamese government could consider a reform aiming to ‘push’ public agencies to disclose more information and encourage the public to ‘pull’ public agencies to extract information. Such a reform, together with other efforts to improve the cultural, social, economic and political environment, should gradually increase information disclosure and make possible the formation of the free flow of information that is essential for good governance and protection of diverse social interests. As a tool for good governance, FOI cannot work alone but relies on interaction with other accountability, transparency and efficiency mechanisms and a supportive local context. This thesis emphasises that FOI reform in Vietnam should be accompanied by detailed strategies to accommodate the FOI legislation to its new environment and also to make local conditions more receptive.

The object of the research is the principles of the quality management system and the interaction of different approaches to the quality assessment of civil society organizations (CSOs). In many countries, regulatory documents have not been developed regarding the quality management of the CSO activities. Let’s consider this problem using the example of Ukraine, since there has been an increase in the number of public associations by more than 85,000 during the last decade. Along with it, the principles of implementing DSTU ISO 9001:2015 for non-commercial, in particular civil organizations, are not sufficiently clear, given the various socio-cultural and economic prerequisites. Based on theoretical and analytical methods, it is proposed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the problem and further justification of the implementation of the practice of compliance with Quality Standards and good governance in civil society organizations. That is primarily due to the desire of CSOs themselves to self-organize, reinforced by the need to establish partnership relations with state authorities and commercial organizations, which is accompanied by the fulfillment of requirements for transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of CSOs activities. Adherence to Quality Standards forms a commitment on the part of CSOs to generally accepted ethical principles and standards of behavior, which further contributes to the achievement of social legitimacy. Based on the analyzed regulatory and technical documentation, the need to develop a Quality Standard of Ukraine for CSOs based on the complementarity of different approaches to evaluating the quality of organizations according to the «Quality Standard of CSOs» and DSTU ISO 9001:2015 is substantiated. The results of the analysis of registered public associations by organizational and legal forms in Ukraine confirm the tendency to increase their number, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the international experience of using the CSO Quality Standard. Taking into account the results of a comparative assessment of the principles of the CSO Quality Standard and DSTU ISO 9001:2015, wit is possible to state that there are no differences in the main approaches to managing the quality system of organizations. The governance aspects of the Modified Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool are similar to those of the «Quality Standard of CSOs», based on the subcategories: authorities; values, vision, and mission of the organization; management style and leadership; strategic planning.