Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication that affects up to 40% of diabetic patients and can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) have been linked to the development and progression of DN. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between interleukin-4 (IL4) -590C/T (rs2243250) gene polymorphism and DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is a continuation of our previous research on the association between angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms and DN in patients with T2DM. We included 651 unrelated Slovenian (Caucasian) patients who had had T2DM for at least 10 years. The participants were classified into a group of T2DM patients with DN (276 cases) and a group without DN (375 controls). IL4 rs2243250 polymorphism was analyzed using a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and StepOne Real-Time PCR System. The frequencies of rs2243250 TT, CT and CC (wild type) genotypes were 3.2%, 29.4% and 67.4%, respectively in patients with DN, and 2.7%, 34.4% and 62.9%, respectively in controls. Our logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin showed no association between rs2243250 and the risk for DN (OR 1.06; CI 0.37-3.05; p = 0.9). IL4 rs2243250 is not associated with DN in our subset of Slovenian patients with T2DM.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which develops as the result of reduced insulin secretion and/or ineffectiveness of produced insulin
We investigated the relationship between IL4 -590C/T polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
The distribution of IL4 rs2243250 genotypes and alleles is shown in Table 3. rs2243250 was in HardyWeinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both groups and there was no statistically significant difference in the genotype distribution between T2DM patients with and without DN (Table 3)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which develops as the result of reduced insulin secretion and/or ineffectiveness of produced insulin. Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults aged 20 to 79 years is estimated to rise from 8.8% in 2015 to 10.4% by the year 2040 [1]. Complications of diabetes can be classified as macrovascular and microvascular. A common microvascular complication is diabetic nephropathy (DN), a kidney disease defined by the presence of abnormal levels of urinary albumin and/ or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that affects up to 40% of all patients with diabetes [3]. Patients with DN have a higher mortality rate and are more prone to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared to diabetic patients without DN [4]
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