Interleukin 4 -590 C>T and Interleukin 13 -1112 C>T Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to the Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Egypt

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most frequent type of diabetes. It iscaused by insulin resistance and often combined with symptoms of progressive defectin insulin secretion. Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis andcomplications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), of which, immune response andinflammation were suggested to play a role. Objective: To investigate the associationof IL-4-590 and IL-13 -1112 genetic polymorphisms with (T2DM) in Egyptianpatients. Subjects and Methods: The study included 135 cases with type 2 DM (65males and 70 females), with a median age of 56 years and 101 healthy unrelatedcontrols from Nile Delta region, Egypt. DNA was extracted by purification Capturecolumn kit supplied by Fermentas, K0721, USA. Polymorphisms of IL-4 -590(C>T)and IL-13 -1112(C>T) genes were characterized using ARMS-PCR technique.Results: The frequency of heterozygous (CT) genotype of IL-4-590 was significantlyincreased in type 2 diabetic patients compared to the control, CT genotype of IL-13-1112 was highly significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to control (85.2vs.66.3, OR=2.9, p=0.001; 76.3 vs.51.5, OR=3' p= 0, respectively). The frequency ofthe homozygous (CC) genotypes of both IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower intype 2 diabetic patients than in the control group (10.4 vs. 26.7, OR=0.32, p=0.002;20.7 vs 31.7, OR=0.6, p=0.04, respectively). The frequency of CT+TT genotypes ofIL-4 gene were higher in patients compared to controls (89.6 vs. 73.3, OR =3.2, P=0.002).Results did not show any significant difference between allele frequency indiabetic and healthy controls either. Conclusion: Polymorphisms related to IL-4-590CT and IL-13-1112 CT genotypes may be considered as a risk factor for type 2diabetes mellitus among Egyptian subjects.