Abstract

Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous depigmenting disease caused by a T helper (Th) 1-cytotoxic T cells driven autoimmune attack against melanocytes, in which Th17 is also involved. Interleukin (IL)-38 belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines and suppresses Th1 and Th17 activation. IL-38 protein and mRNA levels have been found to be elevated in various autoimmune disorders and correlated with disease severity and activity, including psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. No previous studies have been performed to investigate the expression of IL-38 in patients with vitiligo. To evaluate IL-38serum level in patients with vitiligo compared to healthy controls (Hcs) and examine the association between IL-38level and severity and activity of vitiligo. The study comprised 21 patients with vitiligo and 21 Hcs. Vitiligo severity and activity were evaluated via Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) Score, respectively. IL-38serum level was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vitiligo patients had significantly higher serum level of IL-38 than Hcs (p<0.001). This level was significantly higher among patients with signs of vitiligo activity (p=0.048), correlated positively with VES (p<0.001), and correlated negatively with the age of patients (p=0.001) and the age of disease onset (p=0.022). IL-38serum level was higher in patients with vitiligo than in Hcs and was related to vitiligo severity and signs of activity.

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