Abstract
Objectives Interferon-gamma (IFNg) is an immune-regulatory cytokine with a role in host responses to periodontitis. Genetic factors have been reported to modify the corresponding protein expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association and role of IFNg polymorphisms, such as IFNg +874 A/T, and the susceptibility to periodontitis. Materials and Methods A total of 100 unrelated subjects were included in the present study. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was obtained from peripheral blood of 43 patients with mild periodontitis and 57 patients with severe periodontitis. The determined clinical parameters of periodontitis included probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and papilla bleeding index. The oral hygiene indicators were also assessed. The level of IFNg was determined from the gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The IFNg +874 A/T polymorphisms were analyzed from peripheral blood by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using chi-squared testing for categorical data. Independent t -tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for numeric data. Kruskal–Wallis testing was used to compare genotypes concerning for IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism. A p -value < 0.05 was assumed for statistical significance. Results Analysis of the IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism showed no significant differences with the level of IFNg. No significant differences were observed either in IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism between the subjects with mild periodontitis and those with severe periodontitis ( p > 0.05). The subjects with severe periodontitis showed marginally but not significantly higher levels of IFNg compared with subjects with mild periodontitis ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The polymorphism of IFNg +874 A/T was not associated with the level of IFNg nor with the risk of periodontitis in this study.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease initiated by dental plaque
This study aims to investigate the IFNg +874A/T polymorphic genotypes in Indonesian subjects, comparing patients with severe and mild periodontitis and the level of IFNg
The agarose gel electrophoresis results of the RFLP analysis for IFNg +874A/T polymorphism are shown in ►Fig. 1
Summary
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease initiated by dental plaque. The bacterial agents in the dental plaque induce inflammatory reactions of the host immune system, leading to gingival inflammation that can further escalate to loss of dental attachment and loss of mandibular bone in untreated patients. Periodontitis is common, with a prevalence of 74.1% in Indonesia and 40.0 to 77.5% worldwide in the adult population.. The genetic status of the host has an important effect on the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Genetic factors such as polymorphisms can stimulate or retard the production of specific cytokines.. Previous studies have indicated pro- or anti-inflammatory polymorphisms in cytokine genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6,8 transforming growth factor-β,9 IL-10,10,11 and interferon-gamma (IFNg), concerning periodontitis Genetic factors such as polymorphisms can stimulate or retard the production of specific cytokines. Previous studies have indicated pro- or anti-inflammatory polymorphisms in cytokine genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6,8 transforming growth factor-β,9 IL-10,10,11 and interferon-gamma (IFNg), concerning periodontitis
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