Interfacial Material System Exhibiting Superwettability

Particulate-contamination-free wafer-handling systems for gas, liquid and vacuum environments used in a 64 Mbyte dynamic random-access memory process

Purpose and task is making research on the dynamics of a vibrating installation to process tubular materials and the kinematics of their movement (circulation) in hemispherical chambers. Methodology. To achieve the target goal, an expert assessment of existing approaches to methods of processing bulk and rod materials in air and liquid environments has been carried out. Research methods. Using vibrations for heat treatment of bulk and tubular materials makes it possible to intensify the heat exchange process, significantly reduce processing time, save fuel and electricity consumption, improve product quality, reduce costs on maintenance and environmental protection. The materials of theoretical studies on vibrating machine dynamics under different types of working body oscillations and the number of vibration drives are presented. Analytical dependences of vibration parameters have been obtained. The main results. Using vibrations to develop highly reliable and efficient technological units incorporating the performance of low technological operations in one device. Conclusions and practical significance. Based on the analysis of vibrating machines with a liquid environment, the results of research aimed at improving technologies and appropriate technical means to process bulk, lump and rod materials in air and liquid environments are provided. The solution of linear differential equations resulted in obtaining amplitude parameters of steady oscillations of an installation working body with relevance to the movement of working camera points and the installation angular oscillations as well. It has been proved that the amplitude of the vertical oscillations of the point is equal to the amplitude of the circular oscillations of the installation gravity center. Obtained rational trajectories of installation point oscillations to determine rational parameters are based on the requirements of material processing technology. The developed calculation methods can be used while studying machine dynamics of other types of a similar class containing liquid in the working space. Installation design makes it possible to adjust the oscillation amplitude and the nature of the trajectory of the installation working body points within wide limits. Keywords: rod or bulk material, motion kinematics, processing, vibrating machines, vibration trajectories, liquid, or air environment.

China is the largest manufacturing country globally and currently faces severe environmental problems. China needs to identify a new mode of economic growth to contribute towards environmental protection. Developing the green industry is China’s national strategy to achieve a sustainable path and prevent further degradation of the environment. This study used China’s green food certification enterprise location data to investigate the green food industry’s spatial patterns in 2018 at the agricultural district, provincial, and city levels. Then, using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method, we evaluated the factors impacting the green food industry’s concentration. Fourteen impact factors were selected from three aspects: socioeconomic, natural, and other factors corresponding to the regional food production potential. Our results showed the following: 1) the structure and species of green food enterprises are simple, and most enterprises are plant products upstream of the industrial chain, with low additional value. There is a large potential to increase the ratio of livestock, poultry, and fishery products; 2) the regional development of the green food industry is not uniform. The green food industry tends to concentrate along the eastern coastline and Yangtze River, and the middle-lower Yangtze Plain, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and North East Plain account for 76% of the total production capacity. However, northern China has the highest production ability among single enterprises; 3) regional economies, natural resource conditions, and environmental quality largely impact the concentration of the green food industry. In particular, the green food industry is concentrated in regions with high gross economic levels, highly advantageous natural conditions, and high proportion of cultivated land, except cereal planting areas. Better air quality has a positive influence on the food industry’s concentration.

With the rapid development of the modern economy, the importance of improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental pollution is increasing. Developing an ecological economy is an inevitable course to achieve sustained economic growth. In order to ensure the smooth development of the green economy, the government has introduced a series of environmental protection policies. Meanwhile, a large number of environmental protection and green industries have emerged. However, the economic impact of environmental policies on environmental protection and green industries is difficult to predict. Environmental policy in national level promulgated more frequently, but these policies specifically for environmental protection industry green industry and environmental policy is not much. So the analysis of the process focused on Water Pollution Control Action Plan and public service in-depth promotion of government and social capital cooperation work notice. Results show that the Water Pollution Control Action Plan has a binding effect on the yield of green industries and public service in-depth promotion of government. In contrast, public service in-depth promotion of government and social capital cooperation work notice increases the income of the environmental protection industry, and it has a negative constraint on the green industry.

<p>With the continuous improvement of economic level and living standard in recent years, people’s concept of environmental protection has become stronger and stronger. Developing green production in an all-round way will improve the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development. For the chemical industry, its production activities are a very critical link for the society, but at the same time, it is also the link that produces the most “three wastes”. However, in the future development process of the chemical industry, green industry will be the most important development direction.</p>

Given the global focus on green and low-carbon development and the increasing prominence of digital finance, it is particularly important to explore how to leverage digital finance to achieve these environmental goals. This study, through mechanism analysis, deeply examines how China’s digital finance promotes green and low-carbon development and elucidates the positive interaction between digital finance and the green industry. The study found that digital finance, through more flexible and efficient financial functions, alters the cost structure of carbon emissions, and reduces the risks and costs of green investments, thereby creating a cooperative green mechanism benefiting all parties, and guiding social groups toward a green and low-carbon transformation. Additionally, the rapid development of digital finance has strengthened the implementation of environmental protection policies, effectively promoted the expansion of the environmental protection industry, and established the green ethos as a mainstream concept in financial development. This study aims to provide reference perspectives and suggestions, assist policymakers in promoting the green and low-carbon development of digital finance, and offer insights into the integrated development of digital finance and the green environmental protection industry.

Chemomechanics of transfer printing of thin films in a liquid environment

This work investigates the effect of surface topography and biomaterial wettability on protein absorption, cell attachment, proliferation and morphology and reveals important insights in the complexity of cell-material interactions. We use various materials, i.e. poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a co-polymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene terephtalate) (PEOT/PBT) and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as a reference. These materials are used extensively in biomedical applications and tissue engineering and have differences in hydrophobicity. Patterning of PDMS, PLLA and PEOT/PBT with a micropattern array of pillars with variable pillar spacing and pillar height induces changes in the wettability of their surfaces without changes in their surface chemistry. The cell study is performed using C2C12 pre-myoblasts cells. Our results reveal a clear effect of surface topography, and to a lesser extent of material hydrophobicity, on cell attachment, morphology and proliferation. Generally, surface topography on high hydrophobicity materials improves initial C2C12 cell attachment, whereas less hydrophobic and nonpatterned materials seem to support higher cell proliferation and spreading. With respect to cell morphology, surface topography seems dominant over material wettability; although the transition where cells change from growing on top of the pillars to growing on the underlying surface appears to be determined by the material wettability. These findings are important in the design of biomaterials in various applications including implants, bio-artificial organs and tissue engineering.

The term green industry derives from the Green Plan introduced in 1989 by the then Canadian Minister of the Environment. The plan intended coordination between economic development and environmental protection and integration of eco-friendly values into socioeconomic development by injecting the green idea the macroscopic socioeconomic development plan. The Green Plan was adopted by 12 industrialized countries in the early 1990s and developing green industries became an important strategy in countries that wanted to achieve socioeconomic sustainability because of their important in implementing the Green Plan. A series of sustainability oriented concepts emerged later on, including green industry, environmental industry, environmental protection industry, cleaner production, green product, and green marketing. The definition of green industry has continued evolving throughout this process. The breadth, stratification, and changing nature of the green industry concept has prevented a unified definition, leaving it ambiguous in both intension and extension. It is further ambiguous because it overlaps with many similar concepts and ideas. Different countries and international organizations and bodies understand the concept differently based on their individual needs and characteristics.

Surface chemistry is a major factor that determines the wettability of materials, and devising broadly applicable coating strategies that afford tunable and selective surface properties required for next-generation materials remains a challenge. Herein, we report fluorinated metal-organic coatings that display water-wetting and oil-repelling characteristics, a wetting phenomenon different from responsive wetting induced by external stimuli. We demonstrate this selective wettability with a library of metal-organic coatings using catechol-based coordination and silanization (both fluorinated and fluorine-free), enabling sensing through interfacial reconfigurations in both gaseous and liquid environments, and establish a correlation between the coating wettability and polarity of the liquids. This selective wetting performance is substrate-independent, spontaneous, durable, and reversible and occurs over a range of polar and nonpolar liquids (60 studied). These results provide insight into advanced liquid-solid interactions and a pathway toward tuning interfacial affinities and realizing robust, selective superwettability according to the surrounding conditions.

The aim of the study was to analyse the investment expenditures on environment protection and water management, taking into account tangible effects created in 2003–2017. The considered time period has been selected to evaluate the impact of Poland’s accession to the European Union on environment protection development. Information about investment expenditures and created tangible effects were collected from Local Data Bank within Statistics Poland [1]. The research included increase in four basic areas within environment protection among nine domains listed in CEPA (Classification of Environmental Protection Activities): sewage and water management, air protection and waste management [2]. Moreover, analysis of funding sources, investment directions in division into environment protection and water management domains as well as the increase in the amount of new fixed assets were presented. While analysing outlays on fixed assets for environment protection it can be noticed that in 2003–2017, the investment costs on wastewater management and water protection represented the highest percentage from all tasks. These expenditures amounted on average PLN 70.6 per capita in Poland in 2017. The second most subsidized domain in terms of investing in fixed assets in 2017 was protection of ambient air and climate (PLN 60.2 per capita), while waste management with PLN 22.6 per capita was in third place.

The surface chemical reactions which might contribute to stress corrosion in fluorozirconate glasses have been investigated and the results are related to the slow crack growth behavior of these glasses. The surface studies indicate that aqueous environments are especially aggressive. It is found that the penetration and bulk diffusion of molecular water precedes any hydrolysis or dissolution of the glass structure. The chemisorption of water to produce oxide or hydroxide species is not prevalent except in the case of the basic aqueous environments. The most notable feature of the stress intensity-crack velocity diagrams is a distinct and reproducible stress-intensity threshold at KI = .15–.20 MPa-m1/2 in the environments which contain water. This threshold is observed for both gaseous and liquid environments even though the surface chemistry and corrosion in water vapor and liquid water are very different. The wet nitrogen atmospheres also exhibit a velocity plateau whose magnitude increases systematically with the water activity; it approaches the plateau observed in pure liquid water at ~10−3 m/s. Altogether, it appears that the crack growth mechanism may be independent of any chemisorption reactions at the crack tip. Perhaps, the formation of a coordinate bond between molecular water and the barium or zirconium cations weakens the coulombic forces of attraction with the fluorine anions, and thereby, influences the energy necessary for crack propagation. This interaction also appears to be the first step in the corrosion reaction. It is further suggested that the stress-intensity thresholds and velocity plateaus may be due to stress-enhanced water diffusion ahead of the crack tip where it modifies both the material and stress distribution.

Surface Science at the Dawn of the 21st Century: From UHV to Ambient Conditions in Gas and Liquid Environments

The Chinese government has put forward the national strategy of protecting the Yangtze River in 2016, deeply promoted the protection and restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River. Chongqing being the last gateway of the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River plays an important role in promoting the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, because it is located in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This paper concludes firstly that SMEs in green industry face serious financing constraints, and there are some problems in the development of green industry and green finance by investigating on the spot the green industry enterprises and financial institutions in Chongqing. Then, it expounds the functional mechanism of financial policy on green industry development. Finally, based on the actual situation of Chongqing, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote the development of green industry, which may provide decision-making reference for other regions to formulate the policies on green industry development.

Backgrounds. This research aims to identify challenges and obstacles in using energy biomass from palm oil waste in Indonesia, as well as to analyze regulations related to the implementation of green industry era 4.0 in the context of biomass use. Apart from that, the text also highlights the importance of effective natural resource management in accordance with Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, as well as discussing the potential of palm oil waste as an environmentally friendly renewable energy source. Methods. This research uses a normative juridical approach to assess the legal framework that supports green industry, especially in using palm oil waste for sustainable development. Data was obtained from a literature study of primary, secondary and tertiary legal norms. The aim of the research is to describe and analyze regulations and obstacles in implementing biomass in the green industry era 4.0 in Indonesia. Results. Regulations in Indonesia related to the implementation of green industry era 4.0 in the sustainable use of biomass from palm oil waste are regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. This regulation integrates environmental, social and economic dimensions in development strategies to achieve environmental sustainability, community welfare and a good quality of life. The main challenges in implementing green industry include inadequate infrastructure and technology, economic and policy challenges, social problems, and limited availability of human resources. The proposed strategy includes the use of technology 4.0, biorefinery development, increasing public awareness, strengthening regulations, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Conclusions. The Indonesian government has developed sustainable industrial development by applying green industry principles, especially in the use of biomass from palm oil waste as renewable energy. However, challenges such as climate change and inadequate infrastructure still need to be addressed. It is hoped that with a strategy to overcome this, Indonesia can optimally utilize biomass energy while maintaining environmental sustainability.