Abstract
Oil-in-water miniemulsions are prepared by an emulsification process that involves the use of mixed emulsifier combinations, comprising a mixture of ionic surfactant and a long-chain fatty alcohol, in low concentrations of 1 to 3% by weight based on the oil phase. The emulsification process of styrene into aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)/fatty alcohol (C 10C 18) was studied by a conductometric-titration method and correlated with emulsion stability. Stable emulsions have been prepared using 10 m M of SLS together with fatty alcohol in the molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:3. The stability of emulsions was found to increase with increasing fatty-alcohol chain length. A rod-like crystal structure was found in an aqueous solution of SLS/lauryl alcohol in the molar ratio of 1:1, in the presence of 1.6% of styrene monomer. Interfacial-tension measurements by the spinning-drop method gave values in the range of 5–13 dyn cm −1 for styrene against these mixed emulsifier solutions. A maximum interfacial tension was found for solutions of SLS/lauryl alcohol and cetyl alcohol with molar ratios of 1:1 to 1:2. The formation of a third phase of cloudy “tails” at the interface between the styrene (or toluene) drop and the mixed emulsifier solution was proved photographically. These “tails” developed only when the ingredients were mixed in the order used in preparing stable miniemulsions.
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