Abstract
IntroductionPhotophobia is a symptom of abnormal light intolerance without pain sensation that requires an anamnesis and an examination to diagnose an underlying etiology. Basic procedureThis article focuses on 30 clinical cases with isolated intense photophobia and on the review of the literature. ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to establish diagnostic criteria for photophobia. ResultsThe etiology of photophobia appears to be at the level of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells known as melanopsin cells and at a neurochemical level mediated by calcitonin-related peptide and the pituitary activating peptide cyclase. ConclusionThe treatment of photophobia could consist of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide and/or pituitary activating peptide cyclase.
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