Abstract
Thanks to their immense purity and controllability, dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates are an exemplar for studying fundamental non-local nonlinear physics. Here we show that a family of fundamental nonlinear waves - the dark solitons - are supported in trapped quasi-one-dimensional dipolar condensates and within reach of current experiments. Remarkably, the oscillation frequency of the soliton is strongly dependent on the atomic interactions, in stark contrast to the non-dipolar case. The failure of a particle analogy, so successful for dark solitons in general, to account for this behaviour implies that these structures are inherently extended and non-particle-like. These highly-sensitive waves may act as mesoscopic probes of the underlying quantum matter field.
Highlights
Dark solitons are the fundamental nonlinear excitations of one-dimensional medium with defocusing nonlinearity, appearing as traveling localized reductions in the field amplitude
Are isotropic and short range, the atoms possess significant magnetic dipole moments and experience dipole-dipole (DD) interactions, which are anisotropic and long range [42]. This has opened the door to studying the interplay of magnetism with quantum coherence, and local with nonlocal nonlinearities, at the control of atomic physics
(decaying into vortical structures via the snake instability), we focus on highly elongated Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs)
Summary
Dark solitons are the fundamental nonlinear excitations of one-dimensional medium with defocusing nonlinearity, appearing as traveling localized reductions in the field amplitude. In the absence of dipoles and axial trapping, and for repulsive vdW interactions (as > 0), the 1D dipolar GPE reduces to the 1D defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
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